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Linux Documentation > Manual Pages > Library Functions MB_CUR_MAX - maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale MB_LEN_MAX - maximum multibyte length of a character across all locales __setfpucw - set fpu control word on i386 architecture (obsolete) index, rindex - locate character in string a64l, l64a - convert between long and base-64 abort - cause abnormal program termination abs, labs, llabs, imaxabs - compute the absolute value of an integer acos, acosf, acosl - arc cosine function acosh, acoshf, acoshl - inverse hyperbolic cosine function addseverity - introduce new severity classes aio_cancel - cancel an outstanding asynchronous I/O request aio_error - get error status of asynchronous I/O operation aio_fsync - asynchronous file synchronization aio_read - asynchronous read aio_return - get return status of asynchronous I/O operation aio_suspend - wait for asynchronous I/O operation or timeout aio_write - asynchronous write alloca - memory allocator argz_add, argz_add_sep, argz_append, argz_count, argz_create, - argz_create_sep, argz_delete, argz_extract, argz_insert, argz_next, argz_replace, argz_stringify functions to handle an argz list asin, asinf, asinl - arc sine function asinh, asinhf, asinhl - inverse hyperbolic sine function asprintf, vasprintf - print to allocated string assert - abort the program if assertion is false assert_perror - test errnum and abort atan, atanf, atanl - arc tangent function atan2, atan2f, atan2l - arc tangent function of two variables atanh, atanhf, atanhl - inverse hyperbolic tangent function atexit - register a function to be called at normal program termination atof - convert a string to a double atoi, atol, atoll, atoq - convert a string to an integer dirname, basename - Parse pathname components bcmp - compare byte sequences bcopy - copy byte sequence bindresvport - bind a socket to a privileged IP port bsearch - binary search of a sorted array bcmp, bcopy, bzero, memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memfrob, memmem, - memmove, memset byte string operations btowc - convert single byte to wide character btree - btree database access method htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs - convert values between host and network bzero - write zero bytes cabs, cabsf, cabsl - absolute value of a complex number cacos, cacosf, cacosl - complex arc cosine cacosh, cacoshf, cacoshl - complex arc hyperbolic cosine carg, cargf, cargl - calculate the argument casin, casinf, casinl - complex arc sine casinh, casinhf, casinhl - complex arc sine hyperbolic catan, catanf, catanl - complex arc tangents catanh, catanhf, catanhl - complex arc tangents hyperbolic catgets - get message from a message catalog catopen, catclose - open/close a message catalog cbrt, cbrtf, cbrtl - cube root function ccos, ccosf, ccosl - complex cosine function ccosh, ccoshf, ccoshl - complex hyperbolic cosine ceil, ceilf, ceill - ceiling function: smallest integral value not less than argument cerf, cerff, cerfl, cerfc, cerfcf, cerfcl - complex error function cexp, cexpf, cexpl - complex exponential function cexp2, cexp2f, cexp2l - base-2 exponent of a complex number cfree - free allocated memory cimag, cimagf, cimagl - get imaginary part of a complex number clearenv - clear the environment clock - Determine processor time clock_getres, clock_gettime, clock_settime - clock and time functions clog, clogf, clogl - natural logarithm of a complex number clog10, clog10f, clog10l - base-10 logarithm of a complex number clog2, clog2f, clog2l - base-2 logarithm of a complex number closedir - close a directory CMSG_ALIGN, CMSG_SPACE, CMSG_NXTHDR, CMSG_FIRSTHDR - Access ancillary data confstr - get configuration dependent string variables conj, conjf, conjl - calculate the complex conjugate copysign, copysignf, copysignl - copy sign of a number cos, cosf, cosl - cosine function cosh, coshf, coshl - hyperbolic cosine function cpow, cpowf, cpowl - complex power function cproj, cprojf, cprojl - project into Riemann Sphere creal, crealf, creall - get real part of a complex number crypt - password and data encryption csin, csinf, csinl - complex sine function csinh, csinhf, csinhl - complex hyperbolic sine csqrt, csqrtf, csqrtl - complex square root ctan, ctanf, ctanl - complex tangent function ctanh, ctanhf, ctanhl - complex hyperbolic tangent ctermid - get controlling terminal name asctime, ctime, gmtime, localtime, mktime, asctime_r, ctime_r, gmtime_r, - localtime_r transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII daemon - run in the background dbopen - database access methods des_crypt, ecb_crypt, cbc_crypt, des_setparity, DES_FAILED - fast DES encryption difftime - calculate time difference dirfd - get directory stream file descriptor div, ldiv, lldiv, imaxdiv - compute quotient and remainder of an integer division dladdr, dlclose, dlerror, dlopen, dlsym, dlvsym - programming interface to dprintf, vdprintf - print to a file descriptor drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, - lcong48 generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers dysize - get number of days for a given year ecvt, fcvt - convert a floating-point number to a string ecvt_r, fcvt_r, qecvt_r, qfcvt_r - convert a floating-point number to a string encrypt, setkey, encrypt_r, setkey_r - encrypt 64-bit messages envz_add, envz_entry, envz_get, envz_merge, - envz_remove, envz_strip environment string support erf, erff, erfl, erfc, erfcf, erfcl - error function and complementary error function err , - formatted error messages errno - number of last error ether_aton, ether_ntoa, ether_ntohost, ether_hosttonn, ether_line, - ether_ntoa_r, ether_aton_r Ethernet address manipulation routines execl, execlp, execle, execv, execvp - execute a file exit - cause normal program termination exp, expf, expl - base-e exponential function exp10, exp10f, exp10l - base-10 exponential function exp2, exp2f, exp2l - base-2 exponential function expm1, expm1f, expm1l - exponential minus 1 fabs, fabsf, fabsl - absolute value of floating-point number fclose - close a stream fcloseall - close all open streams fdim, fdimf, fdiml - positive difference feclearexcept, fegetexceptflag, feraiseexcept, fesetexceptflag, - fetestexcept, fegetenv, fegetround, feholdexcept, fesetround, fesetenv, feupdateenv C99 floating point rounding and exception handling clearerr, feof, ferror, fileno - check and reset stream status fflush - flush a stream ffs - find first bit set in a word fgetgrent - get group file entry fgetpwent - get password file entry fgetwc, getwc - read a wide character from a FILE stream fgetws - read a wide character string from a FILE stream flockfile, ftrylockfile, funlockfile - lock FILE for stdio floor, floorf, floorl - largest integral value not greater than argument fma, fmaf, fmal - floating-point multiply and add fmax, fmaxf, fmaxl - find maximum value fmin, fminf, fminl - find minimum value fmod, fmodf, fmodl - floating-point remainder function fmtmsg - print formatted error messages fnmatch - match filename or pathname fopen, fdopen, freopen - stream open functions fpathconf, pathconf - get configuration values for files fpclassify, isfinite, isnormal, isnan - floating-point classification macros fpurge, __fpurge - purge a stream fputwc - write a wide character to a FILE stream fputws - write a wide character string to a FILE stream fread, fwrite - binary stream input/output frexp, frexpf, frexpl - convert floating-point number to fractional fgetpos, fseek, fsetpos, ftell, rewind - reposition a stream fseeko, ftello - seek to or report file position ftime - return date and time ftok - convert a pathname and a project identifier to a System V IPC key fts , - traverse a file hierarchy ftw, nftw - file tree walk fwide - set and determine the orientation of a FILE stream gamma, gammaf, gammal - (logarithm of the) gamma function gcvt - convert a floating-point number to a string getaddrinfo, freeaddrinfo, gai_strerror - network address and service translation getcwd, get_current_dir_name, getwd - Get current working directory getdate() - convert a string to struct tm getdirentries - get directory entries in a filesystem independent format getenv - get an environment variable getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, setfsent, endfsent - handle fstab entries getgrent, setgrent, endgrent - get group file entry getgrent_r, fgetgrent_r - get group file entry reentrantly getgrnam, getgrnam_r, getgrgid, getgrgid_r - get group file entry getgrouplist - list of groups a user belongs to gethostbyname, gethostbyaddr, sethostent, endhostent, herror, hstrerror - get getipnodebyname, getipnodebyaddr, freehostent - get network host names and addresses getline, getdelim - delimited string input getloadavg - get system load averages getlogin, getlogin_r, cuserid - get user name getmntent, setmntent, addmntent, endmntent, hasmntopt, - getmntent_r get file system descriptor file entry getnameinfo - address-to-name translation in protocol-independent manner getnetent, getnetbyname, getnetbyaddr, setnetent, endnetent - get network entry getopt - Parse command line options getpass - get a password getprotoent, getprotobyname, getprotobynumber, setprotoent, - endprotoent get protocol entry getpt - open the pseudo-terminal master (PTM) getpw - Re-construct password line entry getpwent, setpwent, endpwent - get password file entry getpwent_r, fgetpwent_r - get passwd file entry reentrantly getpwnam, getpwnam_r, getpwuid, getpwuid_r - get password file entry getrpcent, getrpcbyname, getrpcbynumber - get RPC entry getrpcport - get RPC port number fgetc, fgets, getc, getchar, gets, ungetc - input of characters and strings getservent, getservbyname, getservbyport, setservent, endservent - get service entry getspnam, getspnam_r, getspent, getspent_r, setspent, endspent, - fgetspent, fgetspent_r, sgetspent, sgetspent_r, putspent, lckpwdf, ulckpwdf get shadow password file entry getttyent, getttynam, setttyent, endttyent - get ttys file entry getumask - get file creation mask getusershell, setusershell, endusershell - get legal user shells getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpname - access utmp file entries getw, putw - input and output of words (ints) getwchar - read a wide character from standard input glob, globfree - find pathnames matching a pattern, free memory from glob() grantpt - grant access to the slave pseudotty gsignal, ssignal - software signal facility hash - hash database access method hcreate, hdestroy, hsearch - hash table management hypot, hypotf, hypotl - Euclidean distance function iconv - perform character set conversion iconv_close - deallocate descriptor for character set conversion iconv_open - allocate descriptor for character set conversion inet_aton, inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, - inet_netof Internet address manipulation routines inet_ntop - Parse network address structures inet_pton - Create a network address structure infnan - deal with infinite or not-a-number (NaN) result initgroups - initialize the supplementary group access list insque, remque - insert/remove an item from a queue intro - Introduction to library functions isalnum, isalpha, isascii, isblank, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, - isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit character isatty - does this descriptor refer to a terminal isgreater, isgreaterequal, isless, islessgreater, isunordered - macros isinf, isnan, finite - test for infinity or not-a-number (NaN) iswalnum - test for alphanumeric wide character iswalpha - test for alphabetic wide character iswblank - test for whitespace wide character iswcntrl - test for control wide character iswctype - wide character classification iswdigit - test for decimal digit wide character iswgraph - test for graphic wide character iswlower - test for lowercase wide character iswprint - test for printing wide character iswpunct - test for punctuation or symbolic wide character iswspace - test for whitespace wide character iswupper - test for uppercase wide character iswxdigit - test for hexadecimal digit wide character j0, j0f, j0l, j1, j1f, j1l, jn, jnf, jnl, - y0, y0f, y0l, y1, y1f, y1l, yn, ynf, ynl Bessel functions key_decryptsession, key_encryptsession, key_setsecret, key_gendes, - key_secretkey_is_set interfaces to rpc keyserver daemon killpg - send signal to all members of a process group ldexp, ldexpf, ldexpl - multiply floating-point number by integral power of 2 lgamma, lgammaf, lgammal, lgamma_r, lgammaf_r, lgammal_r - log gamma function localeconv - get numeric formatting information lockf - apply, test or remove a POSIX lock on an open file log, logf, logl - natural logarithmic function log10, log10f, log10l - base-10 logarithmic function log1p - logarithm of 1 plus argument log2, log2f, log2l - base-2 logarithmic function login, logout - write utmp and wtmp entries longjmp, siglongjmp - non-local jump to a saved stack context lrint, lrintf, lrintl, llrint, llrintf, llrintl - round to nearest integer lround, lroundf, lroundl, llround, llroundf, llroundl - round to nearest integer, away from zero lfind, lsearch - linear search of an array makecontext, swapcontext - manipulate user context calloc, malloc, free, realloc - Allocate and free dynamic memory __malloc_hook, __malloc_initialize_hook, - __memalign_hook, __free_hook, __realloc_hook, __after_morecore_hook malloc debugging variables mblen - determine number of bytes in next multibyte character mbrlen - determine number of bytes in next multibyte character mbrtowc - convert a multibyte sequence to a wide character mbsinit - test for initial shift state mbsnrtowcs - convert a multibyte string to a wide character string mbsrtowcs - convert a multibyte string to a wide character string mbstowcs - convert a multibyte string to a wide character string mbtowc - convert a multibyte sequence to a wide character memccpy - copy memory area memchr, memrchr - scan memory for a character memcmp - compare memory areas memcpy - copy memory area memfrob - frobnicate (encrypt) a memory area memmem - locate a substring memmove - copy memory area mempcpy, wmempcpy - copy memory area memset - fill memory with a constant byte mkdtemp - create a unique temporary directory mkfifo - make a FIFO special file (a named pipe) mkstemp - create a unique temporary file mktemp - make a unique temporary file name modf, modff, modfl - extract signed integral and fractional values from floating-point mpool - shared memory buffer pool mtrace, muntrace - malloc debugging nan, nanf, nanl - return 'Not a Number' netlink - Netlink macros nextafter, nextafterf, nextafterl, nexttoward, nexttowardf, nexttowardl - floating point number manipulation nl_langinfo - query language and locale information on_exit - register a function to be called at normal program termination opendir - open a directory openpty, login_tty, forkpty - tty utility functions perror - print a system error message popen, pclose - process I/O posix_memalign, memalign, valloc - Allocate aligned memory pow, powf, powl - power functions pow10, pow10f, pow10l - base-10 power functions printf, fprintf, sprintf, snprintf, vprintf, vfprintf, vsprintf, vsnprintf - formatted output conversion profil - execution time profile psignal - print signal message ptsname - get the name of the slave pseudotty putenv - change or add an environment variable putgrent - write a group database entry to a file putpwent - write a password file entry fputc, fputs, putc, putchar, puts - output of characters and strings putwchar - write a wide character to standard output qecvt, qfcvt, qgcvt - convert a floating-point number to a string qsort - sorts an array LIST_ENTRY , - implementations of lists, tail queues, and circular queues raise - send a signal to the current process rand, rand_r, srand - pseudo-random number generator random, srandom, initstate, setstate - random number generator rcmd , - routines for returning a stream to a remote command re_comp, re_exec - BSD regex functions readdir - read a directory realpath - return the canonicalized absolute pathname recno - record number database access method regcomp, regexec, regerror, regfree - POSIX regex functions drem, dremf, dreml, remainder, remainderf, remainderl - floating-point remainder function remove - delete a name and possibly the file it refers to res_init, res_query, res_search, res_querydomain, res_mkquery, res_send, - dn_comp, dn_expand resolver routines rewinddir - reset directory stream nearbyint, nearbyintf, nearbyintl, rint, rintf, rintl - round to nearest integer round, roundf, roundl - round to nearest integer, away from zero rpc - library routines for remote procedure calls rtime - get time from a remote machine rtnetlink - Macros to manipuate rtnetlink messages scandir, alphasort, versionsort - scan a directory for matching entries scanf, fscanf, sscanf, vscanf, vsscanf, vfscanf - input format conversion seekdir - set the position of the next readdir() call in the directory setaliasent, endaliasent, getaliasent, getaliasent_r, - getaliasbyname, getaliasbyname_r read an alias entry setbuf, setbuffer, setlinebuf, setvbuf - stream buffering operations setenv - change or add an environment variable setjmp, sigsetjmp - save stack context for non-local goto setlocale - set the current locale setlogmask - set log priority mask shm_open, shm_unlink - Create/open or unlink POSIX shared memory objects siginterrupt - allow signals to interrupt system calls signbit - test sign of a real floating point number sigemptyset, sigfillset, sigaddset, sigdelset, sigismember - POSIX sin, sinf, sinl - sine function sincos, sincosf, sincosl - calculate sin and cos simultaneously sinh, sinhf, sinhl - hyperbolic sine function sleep - Sleep for the specified number of seconds sqrt, sqrtf, sqrtl - square root function stdarg - variable argument lists stdin , - standard I/O streams stdio - standard input/output library functions __fbufsize, __flbf, __fpending, __fpurge, __freadable, __freading, __fsetlocking, __fwritable, __fwriting, _flushlbf - interfaces to stdio FILE structure stpcpy - copy a string returning a pointer to its end stpncpy - copy a fixed-size string, returning a pointer to its end strcasecmp, strncasecmp - compare two strings ignoring case strcat, strncat - concatenate two strings strchr, strrchr - locate character in string strcmp, strncmp - compare two strings strcoll - compare two strings using the current locale strcpy, strncpy - copy a string strdup, strndup, strdupa, strndupa - duplicate a string strerror, strerror_r - return string describing error code strfmon - convert monetary value to a string strfry - randomize a string strftime - format date and time strcasecmp, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, - strdup, strfry, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strncasecmp, strpbrk, strrchr, strsep, strspn, strstr, strtok, strxfrm, index, rindex string operations strlen - calculate the length of a string strnlen - determine the length of a fixed-size string strpbrk - search a string for any of a set of characters strptime - convert a string representation of time to a time tm structure strsep - extract token from string strsignal - return string describing signal strspn, strcspn - search a string for a set of characters strstr - locate a substring strtod, strtof, strtold - convert ASCII string to floating point number strtoimax, strtoumax - convert string to integer strtok, strtok_r - extract tokens from strings strtol, strtoll, strtoq - convert a string to a long integer strtoul, strtoull, strtouq - convert a string to an unsigned long integer strverscmp - compare two version strings strxfrm - string transformation swab - swap adjacent bytes sysconf - Get configuration information at runtime closelog, openlog, syslog - send messages to the system logger system - execute a shell command tan, tanf, tanl - tangent function tanh, tanhf, tanhl - hyperbolic tangent function tcgetpgrp, tcsetpgrp - get and set terminal foreground process group tcgetsid - get session ID telldir - return current location in directory stream tempnam - create a name for a temporary file termios, tcgetattr, tcsetattr, tcsendbreak, tcdrain, tcflush, tcflow, - cfmakeraw, cfgetospeed, cfgetispeed, cfsetispeed, cfsetospeed get and set tgamma, tgammaf, tgammal - true gamma function timegm, timelocal - inverses for gmtime and localtime tmpfile - create a temporary file tmpnam, tmpnam_r - create a name for a temporary file toascii - convert character to ASCII toupper, tolower - convert letter to upper or lower case towctrans - wide-character transliteration towlower - convert a wide character to lowercase towupper - convert a wide character to uppercase trunc, truncf, truncl - round to interger, towards zero tsearch, tfind, tdelete, twalk - manage a binary tree ttyname, ttyname_r - return name of a terminal ttyslot - find the slot of the current user's terminal in some file tzset, tzname, timezone, daylight - initialize time conversion information ualarm - schedule signal after given number of microseconds ulimit - get and set user limits none - undocumented library functions ungetwc - push back a wide character onto a FILE stream *_unlocked - non-locking stdio functions unlockpt - unlock a pseudotty master/slave pair updwtmp, logwtmp - append an entry to the wtmp file usleep - suspend execution for microsecond intervals wcpcpy - copy a wide character string, returning a pointer to its end wcpncpy - copy a fixed-size string of wide characters, returning a pointer to its end wcrtomb - convert a wide character to a multibyte sequence wcscasecmp - compare two wide-character strings, ignoring case wcscat - concatenate two wide-character strings wcschr - search a wide character in a wide-character string wcscmp - compare two wide-character strings wcscpy - copy a wide character string wcscspn - search a wide-character string for any of a set of wide characters wcsdup - duplicate a wide-character string wcslen - determine the length of a wide-character string wcsncasecmp - compare two fixed-size wide-character strings, ignoring case wcsncat - concatenate two wide-character strings wcsncmp - compare two fixed-size wide-character strings wcsncpy - copy a fixed-size string of wide characters wcsnlen - determine the length of a fixed-size wide-character string wcsnrtombs - convert a wide character string to a multibyte string wcspbrk - search a wide-character string for any of a set of wide characters wcsrchr - search a wide character in a wide-character string wcsrtombs - convert a wide character string to a multibyte string wcsspn - advance in a wide-character string, skipping any of a set of wide characters wcsstr - locate a substring in a wide-character string wcstoimax, wcstoumax - convert wide-character string to integer wcstok - split wide-character string into tokens wcstombs - convert a wide character string to a multibyte string wcswidth - determine columns needed for a fixed-size wide character string wctob - try to represent a wide character as a single byte wctomb - convert a wide character to a multibyte sequence wctrans - wide character translation mapping wctype - wide character classification wcwidth - determine columns needed for a wide character wmemchr - search a wide character in a wide-character array wmemcmp - compare two arrays of wide-characters wmemcpy - copy an array of wide-characters wmemmove - copy an array of wide-characters wmemset - fill an array of wide-characters with a constant wide character wordexp, wordfree - perform word expansion like a posix-shell wprintf, fwprintf, swprintf, vwprintf, vfwprintf, vswprintf - formatted wide character output conversion xencrypt, xdecrypt, passwd2des - RFS password encryption xdr - library routines for external data representation

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