S/MIME largely replaces PEM (Privacy Enhanced E-mail). MIME defined a common way that an e-mail message could contain binary attachements, and therefore integrates better into e-mail systems than PEM. PEM was never widely implemented, whereas S/MIME can be found in most popular e-mail readers. From Hacking-Lexicon
On Microsoft Windows 2000 (and Windows NT), all the user account information is stored within the SAM. It exists as a single file on the disk. The SAM is the primary target when hackers break into a system because it can be run through a password cracker. Key point: The SAM file is located in the path %systemroot%/system32/config/SAM However, a backup is also stored in the location %systemroot%/repair/sam._ as well as on any repair disk generated. (Note: if new repair disks haven't been created, then you'll likely only be able to see the Administrator's password there). Hackers usually go after the "repair" versions because they are not locked by the operating system. Tools: pwdump/pwdump2 Dumps the current password information using Windows registry calls. Must have administrative access for this to work. The data is written in a format for crack programs. samdump Reads the password information from the SAM file in a format suitable for inputting into crack programs. l0phtcrack The most popular utility for cracking Windows passwords. All these tools are available at http://www.l0pht.com/. History: The original version of WinNT allowed the password hashes to be easily retrieved, making cracking easy. In SP3, an optional utility called SYSKEY was added that encrypts the hashes. In order to decrypt them, the administrator needs to either type in the passphrase at boot time, store the passphrase on a floppy, or put the passphrase in the registry (dramatically reducing security, of course). Whatever way is used to boot the system, the keys are then stored in unencrypted format in memory, so administrative access can still read them (using the pwdump2 utility). SYSKEY is optional on WinNT, but is always running on Win2k. Key point: The PASSPROP and PASSFILT utilities can be used to enforce the choice of better passwords. From Hacking-Lexicon
A vulnerability scanning tool designed to hunt for many ways into a system. Much hyped at the time; people feared that it would give a powerful tool into the hands of hackers everywhere. In practice, it was a dud: it was much to "noisy", was already outdated by the time it was released, was impossible to setup, and hasn't been really maintained. From Hacking-Lexicon
Program designed to assess the security status of a computer or local area network (LAN) connected to the Internet. The program determines whether Internet-related software is misconfigured in a way that could render the system vulnerable to a cracker. The program is controversial because intruders as well as system administrators can use it to find loopholes. The controversy deepened when the program's authors, Dan Farmer and Wietse Venema, made the program publicly available through the Internet. From QUECID
The SCO Group was formerly known as Caldera International. The company now provides a variety of Linux and Unix solutions. SCO is the North American UnitedLinux partner. Caldera OpenLinux 3.1.1 was released January 2002. SCO Linux 4.0, Powered by UnitedLinux was released at the end of 2002. Now it is no longer available, and moved to the historical section on May 28, 2003. Distribution development is not all that active. From LWN Distribution List
SCSI (pronounced scuzzy) stands for Small Computer System Interface. SCSI is a ribbon, a specification, and an electronic protocol for communication between devices and computers. Like your IDE ribbons, SCSI ribbons can connect to their own SCSI hard disks. SCSI ribbons have gone through some versions to make SCSI faster, the latest ``Ultra-Wide'' SCSI ribbons are thin, with a dense array of pins. Unlike your IDE, SCSI can also connect tape drives, scanners, and many other types of peripherals. SCSI theoretically allows multiple computers to share the same device, although I have not seen this implemented in practice. Because many UNIX hardware platforms only support SCSI, it has become an integral part of UNIX operating systems. SCSIs also introduce the concept of LUNs (which stands for Logical Unit Number), Buses, and ID. These are just numbers given to each device in order of the SCSI cards you are using (if more than one), the SCSI cables on those cards, and the SCSI devices on those cables--the SCSI standard was designed to support a great many of these. The kernel assigns each SCSI drive in sequence as it finds them: /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, and so on, so these details are usually irrelevant. An enormous amount should be said on SCSI, but the bare bones is that for 90% of situations, insmod <pci-scsi-driver> is all you are going to need. You can then immediately begin accessing the device through /dev/sd? for disks, /dev/st? for tapes, /dev/scd? for CD-ROMs, or /dev/sg? for scanners. [Scanner user programs will have docs on what devices they access.] SCSIs often also come with their own BIOS that you can enter on startup (like your CMOS). This will enable you to set certain things. In some cases, where your distribution compiles-out certain modules, you may have to load one of sd_mod.o, st.o, sr_mod.o, or sg.o, respectively. The core scsi_mod.o module may also need loading, and /dev/ devices may need to be created. From Rute-Users-Guide
Simple Direct Media Layer (SDL) is a cross-platform multimedia library designed to provide fast access to the graphics frame buffer and audio device. From Redhat 8.0 RPM
Set Group ID: a file attribute which allows a program to run with specific group privileges no matter who executes it. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
The SGID permission causes a script to run with its group set to the group of the script, rather than the group of the user who started it. It is normally considered extremely bad practice to run a program in this way as it can pose many security problems. Later versions of the Linux kernel will even prohibit the running of shell scripts that have this attribute set.
SHA-1 is a popular hash algorithm. It converts an input file or message into a "unique" 160-bit fingerprint. This fingerprint is believed to be "unique"; while it is theoretically possible that two inputs could hash to the same fingerprint, it is nearly statistically impossible. Contrast: SHA-1 is currently (year 2001) considered to be the strongest hash function available. It has a larger size (160-bits vs. 128-bits) and has underground thorough scrutiny without discovery of weaknesses (such as MD5). On the other hand, it is one of the slower hash algorithms. History: SHA-1 is a slight variation of SHA. It adds a one-bit shift at one stage in order to overcome a theoretical weakness. SHA was based upon MD4, enhanced to overcome known weaknesses and increase the length to 160-bits. See also: integrity From Hacking-Lexicon
Secure hypertext transfer protocol - developed by Enterprise Integration Technologies to ensure security with commercial transactions on the Internet. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
A secure, encrypted version of HTTP used for financial transactions and other private information sent via the Internet. From I-gloss
An extension of the World Wide Web's HyperText Transport Protocol (HTTP) that supports secure commercial transactions on the Web. Secure HTTP provides this support in two ways by assuring vendors that the customers attempting to buy the vendors' wares are who they say they are (authentication) and by encrypting sensitive information, such as credit-card numbers , so that it cannot be intercepted while en route. Secure HTTP was developed by Enterprise Integration Technology (EIT) and the National Center Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), with subsequent commercial development by Terisa system. Netscape communications developed a competing security technology , the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol. The two security protocols are incompatible, and for a time it was feared that no single widely accepted security protocol would emerge. In early 1995, however Netscape invested heavily in Terisa Systems and announced that it would integrate Secure HTTTP and SSL to provide the Web community with a single security protocol that will work with any security-capable browser. From QUECID
/sig/ n. (also common as a prefix in combining forms) A Special Interest Group, in one of several technical areas, sponsored by the Association for Computing Machinery; well-known ones include SIGPLAN (the Special Interest Group on Programming Languages), SIGARCH (the Special Interest Group for Computer Architecture) and SIGGRAPH (the Special Interest Group for Computer Graphics). Hackers, not surprisingly, like to overextend this naming convention to less formal associations like SIGBEER (at ACM conferences) and SIGFOOD (at University of Illinois). From Jargon Dictionary
SLI means "Scanline Interleave"In this mode, two Pixelfx are connected and render in alternate turns, one handling odd, the other handling even scanlines of the actual output. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
Acronym for Serial Line Internet Protocol, SLIP is a serial packet protocol used to connect a remote computer to the Internet using modems or direct serial lines, SLIP requires an Internet provider with special SLIP accounts or a shell account a SLIP emulator such as TIA(tm) or SLiRP. From KADOWKEV
Serial Line Internet Protocol - A communication method that allows a personal computer to connect directly to the Internet using a standard telephone line. It preceded PPP as the means through which access to the Internet could be achieved. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
A standard for using a regular telephone line (a serial line) and a modem to connect a computer as a realInternet site. SLIP has largely been replaced by PPP. From Matisse
Allows a computer to connect to the Internet using a modem and telephone line--similar to PPP. Users then navigate the Internet using software on their own computer. This is in contrast to using a dialup teminal connection, where a user is forced to navigate the Net using a text-based set of menus. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology
Predecessor of PPP. Allows a user to connect to the Internet directly over a high-speed modem. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology
One of two standards specifying how a workstation or personal computers can link to the Internet by means of a dialup connection (the other standard is the Point-to-Point Protocol [PPP] . SLIP defines the transport of data packets through an asynchronous telephone line. Therefore, SLIP enables computers not directly connected to local area networks (LANs) to be fully connected to the Internet. This mode of connectivity is far superior to shell access (a dialup, text-only account on a UNIX computer) because it enables you to use the Internet tools of your choice (such as a graphical Web browser to run more than one Internet application at a time and to download data directly to your computer, with no intermediate storage required. From QUECID
Introduction This is the SMB HOWTO. This document describes how to use the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol, also called the Session Message Block, NetBIOS or LanManager protocol, with Linux using Samba. Although this document is Linux-centric, Samba runs on most Unix-like operating systems. This document is maintained by David Wood ( dwood@plugged.net.au). Additions, modifications or corrections may be mailed there for inclusion in the next release. Much more Samba documentation is available at the Samba Web site, located at http://www.samba.org/. There is a tremendous amount of information there; please have a look before asking for help! You also might try the comp.protocols.smb newsgroup. The SMB protocol is used by Microsoft Windows 3.11, NT and 95/98 to share disks and printers. Using the Samba suite of tools by Andrew Tridgell ( Andrew.Tridgell@anu.edu.au), UNIX (including Linux) machines can share disk and printers with Windows hosts. The smbfs tools by Paal-Kr. Engstad ( engstad@intermetrics.com) and Volker Lendecke ( lendecke@namu01.gwdg.de) enable Unix machines to mount SMB shares from Windows or Samba hosts. There are four basic things that one can do with Samba: Share a Linux drive with Windows machines. Access an SMB share with Linux machines. Share a Linux printer with Windows machines. Share a Windows printer with Linux machines. All of these are covered in this document, plus a few other odds and ends. Disclaimer: The procedures and scripts either work for the author or have been reported to work by the people that provided them. Different configurations may not work with the information given here. If you encounter such a situation, please e-mail the author with suggestions for improvement in this document. Please note that for Windows 3.x machines to access SMB shares, they must have a TCP/IP stack and the Win32s DLLs. Both of these are available on Microsoft's Web site ( http://www.microsoft.com). As of the writing of this version of the HOWTO, Microsoft are reportedly requiring a subscription to the Microsoft Software Developers Network (MSDN) to download the TCP/IP-32 stack for Windows 3.x from their Web site. Since this software used to be free, many older copies are in existance and may be acquired from friends and user group contacts. From SMB-HOWTO
SMB is the protocol used by Microsoft for file and print sharing. SMB stands for Server Message Block, though that doesn't really mean anything. SMB runs on top of NetBIOS, though in Win2k it can bypass NetBIOS. History: SMB was originally developed for DOS machines. It was later upgraded so that OS/2 machines could act as servers for DOS machines. The protocol was later upgraded for Windows (Wfw = Windows for Workgroups) and Windows NT. Still later upgrades have been added for Windows 2000. This constant evolution and need for backwards compatibility has led to many security holes within the protocol. The most severe is the need for "LAN Manager" authentication. Key point: SMB is an application layer protocol and can run over many different transports, including TCP/IP. A common problem is that home-users enable SMB over TCP/IP, allowing anybody on the Internet to access their hard-disk. They should instead install a local-only transport such as NetBEUI for SMB, which will allow file access among local machines, but not remote machines across the Internet. Key point: SMB-sniffers can read the encrypted password info off the wire and send them to password crackers. From Hacking-Lexicon
A standard for very high-speed data transfer. From Matisse
Once known as e-smith, this server and gateway distribution is now owned by Mitel Networks, and called SME Server. Mitel released version 5.5 of the SME Server on July 3, 2002. The SME Server version 5.6 developer release came out January 15, 2003. SME Server 6.0 Beta 2 developer release came out June 20, 2003. From LWN Distribution List
From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
An acronym for Simple Mail Transport Protocol, which defines the mechanism for exchanging mail across a network. This protocol is described in RFC number 821. From KADOWKEV
Key point: Virtually all e-mail exchanged on the Internet is through SMTP. Key point: The most common exploits for SMTP involve spammers trying to relay mail through high-speed mail servers. From Hacking-Lexicon
SMTP is the Internet standard for the transferring of electronic mail messages. An SMTP server acts as a central 'post office' for addressing mail to all users within wide area and local area networks. From Faculty-of-Education
The main protocol used to send electronic mail from server to server on the Internet. SMTP is defined in RFC 821 and modified by many later RFC's. From Matisse
Simple Network Management Protocol. An Internet protocol. Allows nodes to determine which services another nodes offer. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
A method for keeping track of various hardware devices, such as printers, connected to a network. SNMP can tell network administrators when printers are low on paper or toner, or when a paper jam has occurred. SNMP seems destined to be replaced by die Microsoft at Work standard or the Desktop Management Interface (DMI) standard. From QUECID
A set of standards for communication with devices connected to a TCP/IP network. Examples of these devices include routers, hubs, and switches.
The Internet infrastructure is composed of lots of hardware scattered around the place. SNMP is the method that allows someone to "manage" all that equipment. By the word "manage" I mean do things like monitor the amount of traffic flowing through the equipment, trigger when faults occur, change the configuration of equipment remotely, and so forth. Key point: Most equipment comes with default passwords (aka. community strings) of public and private. These allow you to read information from the device (traffic, temperature, voltage, etc.) and re-configure it. Key point: A common technique is to traceroute to a victim's dial-up machine thereby discovering the IP address of the hardware they've dialed into. Then, you can send SNMP commands with the "private" community strings telling the hardware to hang-up on the victim. Also, spammers have used this technique to find the true login name of the user. From Hacking-Lexicon
In DNS, the SOA record is the "root" record for a domain (or "zone"). Hack: If you control the SOA for a reverse mapping, you can spoof the reverse lookup for an IP address. Let's say that you controlled the DNS server for 132.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa, you can choose to return any domain name you want. This can be used to subvert a number of systems that rely upon reverse lookups, such as older /etc/hosts.equiv files (specifically, the older istrusted() function call). From Hacking-Lexicon
SOCKS is a service that allows internal machines behind a firewall/proxy/gateway access to the Internet. Rather than talking to the target machine, clients communicate with the SOCKS server and ask it to relay data to the target machine out on the Internet. Most web-browsers and FTP clients have SOCKS support built in; SOCKS clients can also be installed on client computers to automatically redirect traffic through the socks gateway. Key point: SOCKS servers are frequently misconfigured allowing both outside and inside people to use them. This means that if a hacker wants to hide where they come from, the hacker scans the Internet for SOCKS proxies, then funnel their data through the proxies they find. When victims trace back to the hacker's IP address, they find the open SOCKS server instead. Key point: Abuse through SOCKS servers has become so common on IRC networks that many of them (dalnet, undernet) have begun scanning clients to see if they are running an open SOCKS proxy. They deny access to anybody coming into the networks through such a proxy. Note that users can still use closed proxies (i.e. those available only to internal users). Key point: SOCKS servers listen by default on TCP port 1080. Real world: Most browsers support SOCKS, which you can see in the "proxy" settings configuration tab. You can download generic SOCKS clients and servers from http://www.socks.nec.com/. SOCKS v5 is specified in RFRC 1928. From Hacking-Lexicon
SOT Finnish Software Engineering Ltd. provides a very popular distribution (once known as Best Linux) with excellent language support for many languages. SOT Linux 2002 was released April 24, 2002. From LWN Distribution List
Structured Query Language is a language for manipulating data in relational databases. It has a very simple grammar and is a standard with wide industry support. SQL-based databases have become the core of the classical client/server database concept. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
A specialized language for sending queries to databases. Most industrial-strength and many smaller database applications can be addressed using SQL. Each specific application will have its own slightly different version of SQL implementing features unique to that application, but all SQL-capable databases support a common subset of SQL. A example of an SQl statement is: SELECT name,email FROM people_table WHERE contry='uk'. From Matisse
In database management systems, an IBM-developed query language widely used in mainframe and minicomputer systems. SQL is gaining acceptance on local area networks (LANs). SQL is an elegant and concise query language with only 30 commands. The four basic Commands (SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, and INSERT) correspond to the four basic function d data manipulation (data retrieval data modification, data deletion, and data insertion, respectively). SQL queries approximate the structure of an English natural-language query. A data table consisting of columns (corresponding to data fields and rows (corresponding to data records) displays a query's results. See table oriented database management program. From QUECID
The language used for manipulating records and fields (rows and columns) in a relational database. Sometimes erroneously pronounced "sequel". From I-gloss
The Secure Shell, or SSH, provides a way of running command line and graphical applications, and transferring files, over an encrypted connection, all that will be seen is junk. It is both a protocol and a suite of small command line applications, which can be used for various functions. SSH replaces the old Telnet application, and can be used for secure remote administration of machines across the Internet. However, it also has other features. SSH increases the ease of running applications remotely by setting up X permissions automatically. If you can log into a machine, it allows you to run a graphical application on it, unlikt Telnet, which requires users to have an understanding of the X authentication mechanisms that are manipulated through the xauth and xhost commands. SSH also has inbuilt compression, which allows your graphic applications to run much faster over the network. SCP (Secure Copy) and SFTP (Secure FTP) allow transfer of files over the remote link, either via SSH's own command line utilities or graphical tools like Gnome's GFTP. Like Telnet, SSH is cross-platform. You can find SSH server and clients for Linux, Unix and all flavours of Windows, BeOS, PalmOS, Java and embedded Oses used in routers. From Advanced Linux Pocketbook
From Rute-Users-Guide
Provides a "secure" (i.e. encrypted connection) between the web-browser and the web-server so that the data cannot be sniffed. SSL is used primarily for HTTP, but can also be used for other protocols such as FTP or Telnet. SSL provides three key features: digital-signatures to verify the identity of both the client and server, encryption to prevent the eavesdropping of data, and hashing to protect the integrity of the data. Key point: Web servers have a certificate signed by a trusted certificate authority (CA). This certificate allows the client and the server to generate random keys for the session and to exchange them securely (to defend against man-in-the-middle attacks). The generated random key is used to encrypt the rest of the contents of the connection, usually using RC4. U.S. export controls attempts to limit products used abroad to only 40-bits of key length, which can easily be broken. Key point: In SSL, the server first authenticates itself with the client (a technique that makes it more likely that e-commerce vendors are reputable). Therefore, if you want to set up your own SSL-based web server, you need to get a signed certificate from a CA. Furthermore, if you are outside the U.S., you will find it difficult to find one for 128-bits, though the Chaos Computer Club in Germany manages nicely. Key point: The chief reason SSL isn't used more widely is because it creates a huge performance hit on servers. In particular, the biggest hit comes from handling the public keys in the certificate, though normal encryption/decryption also plays a role. Hardware acceleration for both the public key cryptography and symmetric cryptography are becoming more and more popular. History: SSL was originally developed by Netscape to promote e-commerce. It is also known under the IETF standard name of TLS (Transport Layer Security) and the URL https://. History: In 1996, Netscape's implementation was found to be deeply flawed (i.e. crackable) because of problems in the random number generator. It seeded the generator with the time in seconds and milliseconds as well as the PID (process ID) and PPID (parent process ID). Since these numbers are easy to guess, it gives the random symmetric session key a complexity of roughly 20-bits, which can be easily be brute forced. Subsequent sessions are not re-seeded, which means the discovery of the PRNG seed only needs to be discovered once. Point: SSL allows the encryption algorithm to be negotiated (also known as the "cipher"). Some possible ciphers for SSL are: RC2 with 40-bit keys. RC4 with 40-bit keys. RC4 with 128-bit keys. DES with 40-bit keys. DES with 56-bit keys. Triple-DES with 112/168-bit keys. IDEA with 128-bit keys. Fortezza with 96-bit keys. Point: SSL handshake details: Negotiate cipher Exchange keys Authenticate the server Authenticate the client Authenticate previously exchanged data. From Hacking-Lexicon
A protocol designed by Netscape Communications to enable encrypted, authenticated communications across the Internet. From Matisse
An Internet security standard proposed by Netscape Communications and incorporated into its Netscape Navigator browser and Netscape Commerce Server software. Unlike its chief competition, Secure HyperText Transport Protocol (Secure HTTP), SSL is application-independent it with all Internet tools, not just the World Wide Web (WWW). Applications that use SSL use public key encryption to ensure that, while information is being conveyed through the Internet, no one can intercept that information. Netscape Communications has released the SSL specification to the Internet community as an open standard. Terisa Systems is currently developing a hybrid SSL/Secure H'TTP specification that ensures that any browser with security features can access any secure Web site. See public key cryptography. security The protection of data so unauthorized users cannot examine or copy it. Mainframe computer systems ensured security by keeping the computer and its mass storage media under lock and key, and allowing access only through remote terminals equipped with displays but no disk drives. Although some experts argue that personal computer local area networks (LANs) should be set up the same way, the excessive centralization of mainframe computer systems was one of the main reasons for the development of personal computers. Concern for security shouldn't prevent a manager from distributing computing power-and computing autonomy-to subordinates. Sufficiently advanced data encryption and password-protection schemes can foil even the most skilled and determined hacker. From QUECID
Standard error. A special type of output used for error messages. The file descriptor for STDERR is 2.
Standard input. User input is read from STDIN. The file descriptor for STDIN is 0.
Standard output. The output of scripts is usually to STDOUT. The file descriptor for STDOUT is 1.
Set User ID: a file attribute which allows a program to run as a specific user no matter who executes it. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
The SUID permission causes a script to run as the user who is the owner of the script, rather than the user who started it. It is normally considered extremely bad practice to run a program in this way as it can pose many security problems. Later versions of the Linux kernel will even prohibit the running of shell scripts that have this attribute set.
The first packet sent across a TCP connection is known as a "SYN" or "synchronize" packet. For example, when you contact http://www.robertgraham.com, the first packet your systems out will be a SYN packet to the HTTP port 80 on www.robertgraham.com. Your browser is telling the web server that it wants to connect. Key point: Most packet-filtering firewalls work by blocking the SYN packets. This stops connections from being initiated. You can still scan behind these firewalls using ACK or FIN packets, but you will not be able to connect to any of those machines. See also: SYN flood, three-way-handshake, TCP From Hacking-Lexicon
A SYN flood is a type of DoS attack. A SYN packet notifies a server of a new connection. The server then allocates some memory in order to handle the incoming connection, sends back an acknowledgement, then waits for the client to complete the connection and start sending data. By spoofing large numbers of SYN requests, an attacker can fill up memory on the server, which will sit their waiting for more data that never will arrive. Once memory has filled up, the server will be unable to accept connections from legitimate clients. This effectively disables the server. Key point: SYN floods exploit a flaw in the core of the TCP/IP technology itself. There is no complete defense against this attack. There are, however, partial defenses. Servers can be configured to reserve more memory and decrease the amount of time they wait for connections to complete. Likewise, routers and firewalls can filter out some of the spoofed SYN packets. Finally, there are techniques (such as "SYN cookies") that can play tricks with the protocol in order to help distinguish good SYNs from bad ones. From Hacking-Lexicon
A lot of emphasis has been placed on peaceful coexistence between UNIX and Windows. Unfortunately, the two systems come from very different cultures and they have difficulty getting along without mediation. ...and that, of course, is Samba's job. Samba <http://samba.org/> runs on UNIX platforms, but speaks to Windows clients like a native. It allows a UNIX system to move into a Windows ``Network Neighborhood'' without causing a stir. Windows users can happily access file and print services without knowing or caring that those services are being offered by a UNIX host. All of this is managed through a protocol suite which is currently known as the ``Common Internet File System,'' or CIFS <http://www.cifs.com>. This name was introduced by Microsoft, and provides some insight into their hopes for the future. At the heart of CIFS is the latest incarnation of the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol, which has a long and tedious history. Samba is an open source CIFS implementation, and is available for free from the http://samba.org/ mirror sites. Samba and Windows are not the only ones to provide CIFS networking. OS/2 supports SMB file and print sharing, and there are commercial CIFS products for Macintosh and other platforms (including several others for UNIX). Samba has been ported to a variety of non-UNIX operating systems, including VMS, AmigaOS, and NetWare. CIFS is also supported on dedicated file server platforms from a variety of vendors. In other words, this stuff is all over the place. From Rute-Users-Guide
Samba adds Windows-networking support to UNIX. Whereas NFS is the most popular protocol for sharing files among UNIX machines, SMB is the most popular protocol for sharing files among Windows machines. The Samba package adds the ability for UNIX systems to interact with Windows systems. Key point: The Samba package comprises the following: smbd The Samba service allowing other machines (often Windows) to read files from a UNIX machine. nmbd Provides support for NetBIOS. Logically, the SMB protocol is layered on top of NetBIOS, which is in turn layered on top of TCP/IP. smbmount An extension to the mount program that allows a UNIX machine to connect to another machine implicitly. Files can be accessed as if they were located on the local machines. smbclient Allows files to be access through SMB in an explicity manner. This is a command-line tool much like the FTP tool that allows files to be copied. Unlike smbmount, files cannot be accessed as if they were local. smb.conf The configuration file for Samba. From Hacking-Lexicon
a suite of programs which work together to allow clients to access to a server's filespace and printers via the SMB (Session Message Block) protocol. This means that you can redirect disks and printers to Unix disks and printers from Lan Manager clients, Windows for Workgroups 3.11 clients, Windows NT clients, Linux clients and OS/2 clients. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
The frequency with which a recording device, such as a sound board, takes readings of the sound it is recording. High-quality sound boards, like the equipment used to record audio compact disks, hae sampling rates of 44.1 kilohertz (KHz) or higher. Although sound boards with lower sampling rates might be adequate for recording simple noises or even voice clips, they are not adequate for recording music. From QUECID
A screen or printer font that you can enlarge or reduce to any size, within a specified range, without introducing unattractive distortions. Outline font technology is most commonly used to provide scalable fonts, but other technologies - including stroke fonts, which form characters from a matrix of lines - are sometimes used. From QUECID
A small, uniform Lisp dialect with clean semantics, developed initially by Guy Steele and Gerald Sussman in 1975. Scheme uses applicative order reduction and is lexically scoped. It treats both functions and continuations as first-class objects. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
A set of commands stored in a file. Used for automated, repetitive, execution. (Also, see RC File.) From I-gloss
Scrudgeware is currently under development. As a GNU/Linux distribution, ScrudgeWare is being designed with several goals in mind. First and foremost is to be built 100% from GPL (or other freely licensed) software. Second, NO BLOAT. Scrudgeware will try to build a simple ("bare bones") system on which the user can add any software they choose. From LWN Distribution List
The Scyld Beowulf Cluster Operating System software distribution is the second generation of Beowulf clustering. The system advances clustering technology, providing significant benefits over existing systems. A 'special purpose/mini' distribution. From LWN Distribution List
A (usually web-based) system for searching the information available on the Web. Some search engines work by automatically searching the contents of other systems and creating a database of the results. other search engines contains only material manually approved for inclusion in a database, and some combine the two approaches. From Matisse
A segment of one of the concentric tracks encoded on a floppy or hard disk during a low-level format. In IBM PC-compatible computing, a sector usually contains 512 bytes of information. See cluster. From QUECID
The Securepoint Firewall & VPN server is a high end firewall and VPN solution for protecting your Internet gateway. Securepoint can also be used with existing firewalls and to protect interconnected locations or divisions and lets you create and manage VPN tunnels. Languages supported: English, German, Russian, and Korean. A 'secured' distribution. From LWN Distribution List
A chunk of information (often stored as a text file) that is used by the SSL protocol to establish a secure connection. From Matisse
In a disk drive, to locate a specific region of a disk and to position the read/write head so that the computer can retrieve data or program instructions. From QUECID
Sentry Firewall CD-ROM is a Linux based bootable CD-ROM suitable for use as an inexpensive and easy to maintain Firewall or IDS (Intrusion Detection System) Node. The system is designed to be immediately configurable for a variety of different operating environments via a configuration file located on a floppy disk or a local hard drive. Version 1.2.0 was released March 27, 2002. Version 1.4.0-beta2 was released October 25, 2002. A CD-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List
Little hooks on the ends of characters. For example, the letter i in a font such as Times Roman has serifs protruding from the base of the i and the head of the i. Serif fonts are usually considered more readable than fonts without serifs. There are many different types of serif fonts. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
A computer, or a software package, that provides a specific kind of service to client software running on other computers. The term can refer to a particular piece of software, such as a WWW server, or to the machine on which the software is running, e.g. "Our mail server is down today, that's why e-mail isn't getting out." A single server machine can (and often does) have several different server software packages running on it, thus providing many different servers to clients on the network. Sometimes server software is designed so that additional capabilities can be added to the main program by adding small programs known as servlets. From Matisse
SoL (Server optimized Linux) is a Linux distribution completely independent from other Linux distributions. It was built by antitachyon from the original source packages and is optimized for heavy-duty server work. It contains all common server applications, and features XML boot and script technology that makes it easy to configure and make the server work. SoL 13.37 was released April 22, 2002 (initial Freshmeat announcement). Version 16.00 was released March 17, 2003. A diskless version, SoL-diag 1.1, was introduced March 3, 2003. A desktop version, SoL-Desktop 0.2, was released March 27, 2003. From LWN Distribution List
Serverdisk diskette distro is a Linux floppy disk distribution which includes FTP and HTTP servers. Just a small server, not intended to be a rescue disk or standalone firewall. The initial version, 0.1, was released September 19, 2002. A floppy-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List
A small computer program designed to be add capabilities to a larger piece of server software. Common examples are "Java servlets", which are small programs written in the Java language and which are added to a web server. Typically a web server that uses Java servlets will have many of them, each one designed to handle a very specific situation, for example one servlet will handle adding items to a "shopping cart", while a different servlet will handle deleting items from the "shopping cart." From Matisse
A complete interaction period between the user and the operating system, from login to logoff. From I-gloss
ShareTheNet lets you share your low cost Internet connection across your network. Using ShareTheNet, all of the computers on your network can do their own work on the Internet as though they have their own connection. ShareTheNet allows just about any network software to use the Internet and its ultra-secure. Distribution development is not all that active. From LWN Distribution List
They are 2 dimensional arrays of pixels in a format specified by the X server, where the pixmap data is stored in the shared memory segment. See MIT-SHM. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
A form of commercial software, where it is offered as "try before you buy". If the customer continues to use the product after a short trial period, they are required to pay a specified, usually nominal, fee. (Also, see Open Source and Public Domain.) From I-gloss
A text-mode window containing a command line interface to the operating system. From I-gloss
One of several command line interfaces available on Unix machines, some common shells include Bourne shell, ksh, and tcsh. From KADOWKEV
The user input area of a shell. Whereas in a DOS shell the command prompt is designated by a Greater Than (>) symbol, in Linux it is usually a Percent (%) symbol, Dollar sign ($) or other special character, depending on the shell used. (Also, see Command Prompt.) From I-gloss
A script designed to be run automatically when a shell is started. From I-gloss
Shell Scripting and hence computer programming is merely the idea of getting a number of commands to be executed, that in combination do some unique powerful function. From Rute-Users-Guide
used to inform processes of unexpected external events such as a time out or forced termination of a process. A signal consists of prescribed message with a default action embedded in it. Each signal has a unique number associated with it. An example is SEGV, segmentation violation. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
Simply GNUstep is a Linux/GNU distribution aimed at providing an OpenStep feeling from bootup on. This is a stripped down distribution, providing ease of use. (Think OS X for x86). InterimDeveloperRelease-1 came out on August 14, 2002. Version 1 was released September 9, 2002. From LWN Distribution List
Skolelinux is a Norwegian distribution for educational use, as a server with thin clients. From LWN Distribution List
The Slackware project is volunteer based and well established, with a loyal following. Supports x86 only. Slackware 9.0 was released March 19, 2003. From LWN Distribution List
Slackware Live CD is a bootable CD containing a Linux operating system. It runs Linux directly from CDROM without installing. The live CD described here is based on Slackware Linux distribution and is downloadable as an ISO. There are also all the scripts and source code needed to build your own live CD. Version 2.9.0.16 was released June 1, 2003. A CD-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List
The symbol used in file pathnames, instead of the backslash (\) used in the DOS/Windows and OS/2 operating systems. From I-gloss
A Small Kernel Project; Small Linux has been used (console based) on a 386 laptop with 2 meg of ram and a 40 meg hard drive. Small Linux 0.8.1 is the current version, released December 6, 2001. From LWN Distribution List
A high-level declarative programming language and programming environment that treates computations as objects that send messages to one another. SmallTalk encourages the programmer to define objects in terms relevant to the intended application. The language is highly extensible because it enables you to create objects, which can be reused, quite easily. SmallTalk inspired HyperTalk, the software command language of HyperTalk, an application provided with every Macintosh produced since 1987. In this new guise, SmallTalk fulfills its goal of making programming more accessible; tens of thousand of Macintosh users have learned how to program in HyperTalk. See object-orientated-programming language. From QUECID
SmoothWall was first released to the world in July 2000 as a hardened internet firewall device. Products include Smoothwall Server and Smoothwall GPL. Smoothwall GPL 2.0 beta1 (metro) was released August 28, 2002. Smoothwall GPL 1.0 was released December 10, 2002. Smoothwall 2.0 beta 4 was released January 24, 2003. A 'secured' distribution. From LWN Distribution List
SnapGear Embedded Linux is a 100% free distribution supporting several processors (with an emphasis, perhaps, on MMU-less processors - the principal developers of uClinux are at SnapGear). SnapGear adds development expertise, toolchain, library and multi-architecture support to create a complete embedded development environment. The initial release is dated April 16, 2003. From LWN Distribution List
An Internet address that combines an IP address (the four-part numerical addrss that uniquely identifies a prticular computer on the Internet) and a port number (which identifies a prticular Internet application, such as File Transfer Protocol [FTP], Gopher, or the World Wide Web [WWW]). See well-known port. From QUECID
To demonstrate a soft link, try the following: touch myfile; ln -s myfile myfile2; ls -al; cat > myfile; a few lines of text; ^D; cat myfile; cat myfile2; Notice that the ls -al listing has the letter l on the far left next to myfile2, and the usual - next to myfile. This indicates that the file is a soft link (also known as a symbolic link or symlink) to some other file. A symbolic link contains no data of its own, only a reference to another file. It can even contain a reference to a directory. In either case, programs operating on the link will actually see the file or directory it points to. One of the common uses of symbolic links is to make mounted (see Section 19.4) file systems accessible from a different directory. For instance, you may have a large directory that has to be split over several physical disks. For clarity, you can mount the disks as /disk1, /disk2, etc., and then link the various subdirectories in a way that makes efficient use of the space you have. Another example is the linking of /dev/cdrom to, say, /dev/hdc so that programs accessing the device file /dev/cdrom (see Chapter 18) actually access the correct IDE drive. From Rute-Users-Guide
This distribution was created by the original Sorcerer GNU/Linux author, Kyle Sallee. Sources are downloaded directly from software authors' homepages and mirrors. Then, they are compiled with the architecture and optimizations that the system administrator specifies. Finally, it is installed, tracked, and archived for easy removal and upgrades. Sorcerer has both both command line and menu driven package mangement programs. A public beta, not backward compatible with previous releases of SGL, was made available April 14, 2002. From LWN Distribution List
An operation that rearranges data so it is specified ascending or descending order, usually alphabetically or numerical. From QUECID
Programming commands in their raw state as input by a programmer. Some programming languages allow the commands to be executed on the fly by a program interpreter. Other languages require the commands to be compiled into executable programs (binaries) before they can be used. In the UNIX/Linux world, some software is distributed as source code only; other packages include both source and binaries; still others are distributed in binary format only. From I-gloss
Currently called Source Mage GNU/Linux, this project was created by members of the Sorcerer GNU/Linux team after that project was pulled by its creator in March 2002. Sorcery 0.1.3 was released into cvs on March 26, 2002. An up-to-date, working test ISO was released May 30, 2002. Sorcery version 0.8.0.1 was released August 25, 2002. From LWN Distribution List
In a high-level programming language, the typed program instructions that progammers write before the program is compiled or interpreted into machine language instructions the computer can execute. From QUECID
A new phenomenon in the free software community is the SourceForge web site, http://www.sourceforge.net/. Developers can use this service at no charge to host their project's web site, FTP archives, and mailing lists. SourceForge has mushroomed so rapidly that it has come to host the better half of all free software projects. From Rute-Users-Guide
A poorly organised prorgam that results from excessive use of GOTO statements, making the program almost impossible to read and debug. The cure is to use a well-structured programming language, such as QuickBASIC, C, or Pascal, that offers a full set of control structures. See structured programming From QUECID
An inappropriate attempt to use a mailing list, or USENET or other networked communications facility as if it was a broadcast medium (which it is not) by sending the same message to a large number of people who didn?t ask for it. The term probably comes from a famous Monty Python skit which featured the word spam repeated over and over. The term may also have come from someone?s low opinion of the food product with the same name, which is generally perceived as a generic content-free waste of resources. (Spam. is a registered trademark of Hormel Corporation, for its processed meat product.) From Matisse
Finnish company Probatus Oy makes Spectra Linux. Designed for workstation and server use, this distribution comes with lots of extras, including the Probatus Spectra SDK application development environment, which supports all most common operating systems. Initial public release on April 17, 2002. From LWN Distribution List
Splack is a volunteer effort set up to continue work on the now defunct Slackware Sparc port. They try to track the official Slackware for Intel tree, which is the original Linux distribution. Slackware is based on the KISS (Keep It Simple - Stupid) principle, which makes it easy to maintain for anyone with a bit of Unix experience. Not a lot of point & click setup tools here. Splack v-y1test was released September 30, 2001. From LWN Distribution List
To send data to a program that queues up the information for later use (for example, the print spooler). From I-gloss
Systems services like lpd, innd, sendmail, and uucp create intermediate files in the course of processing each request. These are called spool files and are stored somewhere under the /var/spool/ directory, usually to be processed and then deleted in sequence. From Rute-Users-Guide
The founder of the GNU project, launched in 1984 to develop the free operating system GNU (an acronym for GNU's Not Unix''), and thereby give computer users the freedom that most of them have lost. GNU is free software: everyone is free to copy it and redistribute it, as well as to make changes either large or small. Richard Stallman is the principal author of the GNU C Compiler, a portable optimizing compiler which was designed to support diverse architectures and multiple languages. The compiler now supports over 30 different architectures and 7 programming languages. Stallman also wrote the GNU symbolic debugger (GDB), GNU Emacs, and various other GNU programs. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
Stampede is a development project whose goal is to create the definitive Linux distribution for novice and experienced users alike. It aims to be fast, stable, secure, and to create new innovations and spur new growth of the Linux operating system in a world otherwise saturated with bloated, yet feature-lacking distributions. Stampede development has been on hiatus since March 1, 2002. From LWN Distribution List
A means of describing markup languages, such as the HyperText Markup Language (HTML), the markup language widely used on the World Wide Web (WWW) . SGML is an open, international standard defined by the International Standards Organization (ISO). From QUECID
The practice of hiding one piece of information within another. One example is putting an invisible digital watermark in a digitized photograph. From I-gloss
A sequence of characters, as in a "search string". From I-gloss
German firm SuSE Linux AG, is the European UnitedLinux partner. SuSE provides a variety of versions of its very popular distribution. SuSE Linux 8.2 became generally available April 14, 2003. For business customers SuSE offers Enterprise Linux 8 and SuSE Linux Desktop. From LWN Distribution List
SuperRescue is a single very large bootable system-on-a-disk. It's based on the observation that the vast majority of systems allow you to do so much more than the minimal system. Therefore, it isn't for everything, but for most desktop systems, it provides a much nicer rescue environment than your average rescue floppy. This version furthermore uses transparent compression to fit about 1.4 GB of software onto a single CD in usable form. A CD-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List
Usually synonymous with root operator. From I-gloss
The term used by newbies to descripbe exploring the Internet, usually through a World-Wide-Web browser, a metaphor from real surfing. From KADOWKEV
To temporarily move data (programs and/or data files) from random access memory to disk storage (swap out), or back (swap in), to allow more programs and data to be processed than there is physical memory to hold it. Also called Virtual Memory. From I-gloss
Where swapped data is temporarily stored on disk. Linux uses a dedicated disk partition for swap space, rather than a specific swap file. From I-gloss
An alias or shortcut to a program or file. From I-gloss
To force all pending input/output to the disk drive. From I-gloss
The SysVinit package contains a group of processes that control the very basic functions of your system. SysVinit includes the init program, the first program started by the Linux kernel when the system boots. Init then controls the startup, running and shutdown of all other programs. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM
The UNIX/Linux System Logger, where all system messages or errors are stored. From I-gloss
Anyone responsible for the physical operations of a computer system or network resource. For example, a System Administrator decides how often backups and maintenance should be performed and the System Operator performs those tasks. From Matisse
System-Down::Rescue is a free downloadable live distribution. It is designed to recover damaged file-systems, copying the data around other physical discs or networks, or burning them on a CD-ROM, using cdrecord. It features a working hardware detection system. Initial version 1.0.0pre4 was released June 9, 2003. A 'special purpose/mini' distribution. From LWN Distribution List
Sed to Perl translator From whatis
Player for MOD and S3M music files This is a tracker music player. It is capable of playing S3M files in addition to 4,6, and 8 track MOD files. It supports dsp output and the Gravis Ultrasound. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Manage the output device on S3 Savage chips Depending on the Savage chip this utility can be used to switch between LCD, CRT and TV output. Additionally one can choose between NTSC, NTSCJ and pal TV signal format. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
An Object-Oriented Compiler Framework SableCC is an object-oriented framework that generates compilers (and interpreters) in the Java programming language. This framework is based on two fundamental design decisions. Firstly, the framework uses object-oriented techniques to automatically build a strictly typed abstract syntax tree that matches the grammar of the compiled language and simplifies debugging. Secondly, the framework generates tree-walker classes using an extended version of the visitor design pattern which enables the implementation of actions on the nodes of the abstract syntax tree using inheritance. These two design decisions lead to a tool that supports a shorter development cycle for constructing compilers. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
an XSL processor fully implemented in C++ Sablotron is an XSL processor fully implemented in C++. The goal of this project is to create a reliable and fast XSLT processor conforming to the W3C specification, which is available for public and can be used as a base for multiplatform XML data distribution systems. This package includes Sablotron binaries, which need libsablot0 to work. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Fighter plane simulator. SABRE is an on-going game development for the Linux Operating System, worked on as a labor of love by flight-simulation enthusiasts. For now, SABRE is focusing on the older jets and piston-engined fighters of the Korean War / Cold War era. Featured are F-86 SabreJet, MiG-15, F-84 ThunderJet, F-51 Mustang, and Yak-9. All of the planes in the game can be flown by the player as well as the computer pilots. This package contains the svgalib binary. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Fighter plane simulator. SABRE is an on-going game development for the Linux Operating System, worked on as a labor of love by flight-simulation enthusiasts. For now, SABRE is focusing on the older jets and piston-engined fighters of the Korean War / Cold War era. Featured are F-86 SabreJet, MiG-15, F-84 ThunderJet, F-51 Mustang, and Yak-9. All of the planes in the game can be flown by the player as well as the computer pilots. This package contains binaries and data common to both svgalib and X version of sabre. Homepage: http://sabre.cobite.com/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Login accounting Performs login accounting, just like the ac program but with totals, per day and per users. Also performs average usage and hourly profiling. Tons of other options. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
finger client wrapper that protects against nasty stuff from finger servers From whatis
safely copy stdin to a file safecat is a program which implements Professor Daniel Bernstein's maildir algorithm to copy stdin safely to a file in a specified directory. It can be used to write mail messages to a qmail-style maildir, or to write data to a "spool" directory reliably. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
the plan9 text editor -- ed with a gui and multi-file editing sam -d can be used without X (with an ed-like interface -- but with more powerful regular expressions, the capacity to edit multiple files with a single command, and unlimited undo). Files can be added to an exiting sam session using the B command. sam without the -d option is an graphical editor with pop-up menus and a point+click interface. You'll want to read sam's manual page to use the full power of sam, but you can probably figure out how to do basic editing with a minimum of trial and error. If you have a Plan 9 terminal, you can use the Plan 9 terminal with sam to edit unix files, but not vice-versa; the Plan 9 authentication scheme does not honor remote execution requests from a non-Plan 9 system. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
A LanManager like file and printer server for Unix. The Samba software suite is a collection of programs that implements the SMB protocol for unix systems, allowing you to serve files and printers to Windows, NT, OS/2 and DOS clients. This protocol is sometimes also referred to as the LanManager or NetBIOS protocol. This package contains all the components necessary to turn your Debian GNU/Linux box into a powerful file and printer server. Currently, the Samba Debian packages consist of the following: samba - A LanManager like file and printer server for Unix. samba-common - Samba common files used by both the server and the client. smbclient - A LanManager like simple client for Unix. swat - Samba Web Administration Tool samba-doc - Samba documentation. smbfs - Mount and umount commands for the smbfs (kernels 2.0.x and above). libpam-smbpass - pluggable authentication module for SMB password database libsmbclient - Shared library that allows applications to talk to SMB servers libsmbclient-dev - libsmbclient shared libraries winbind: Service to resolve user and group information from Windows NT servers It is possible to install a subset of these packages depending on your particular needs. For example, to access other SMB servers you should only need the smbclient and samba-common packages. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Samba-client provides some SMB clients, which complement the built-in SMB filesystem in Linux. These allow the accessing of SMB shares, and printing to SMB printers. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM
Samba-server provides a SMB server which can be used to provide network services to SMB (sometimes called "Lan Manager") clients. Samba uses NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT) protocols and does NOT need NetBEUI (Microsoft Raw NetBIOS frame) protocol. Samba-2.2 features working NT Domain Control capability andincludes the SWAT (Samba Web Administration Tool) that allows samba's smb.conf file to be remotely managed using your favourite web browser. For the time being this is being enabled on TCP port 901 via xinetd. SWAT is now included init's own subpackage, samba-swat. Users are advised to use Samba-2.2 as a Windows NT4 Domain Controller only on networks that do NOT have a WindowsNT Domain Controller. This release does NOT as yet have Backup Domain control ability. Please refer to the WHATSNEW.txt document for fixup information. This binary release includes encrypted password support. Please read the smb.conf file and ENCRYPTION.txt in the docs directory for implementation details. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM
Simple Algebraic Math Library A C library for symbolic calculations, accompanied by some application programs (samuel, factorint, induce), and Python bindings. The library provides an object-oriented framework for defining and handling mathematical types, and implements the most common data types of computer algebra: integers, reals, fractions, complex numbers, polynomials, tensors, matrices, etc. The application programs consist of an interactive symbolic calculator (samuel), a programming language (induce) and a program to factorize integers (factorint). From Debian 3.0r0 APT
A "sandbox" is a mode of running a program that prevents it from having full access to the rest of the system. This is especially important for mobile code such as Java. A client can trust the code automatically downloaded from a web-site if the code runs in a sandbox and cannot harm the rest of the system. Key point: Sandboxes are being used more and more often for servers. This puts walls between different components that can help stop (or slow down) an intruder that has broken into one part of the system. The most important technique is to run services as a user account rather than an administrator/root account. For example, Microsoft's IIS creates a special user account (named "IUSR_XXXX" where XXXX is the system name) that the web-server runs under. When somebody breaks into the web-server, they still cannot gain control over the full system (unless they run some sort of local exploit in order to break out of this sandbox). Example: Example sandboxes are: user accounts As described above, running services under a user account prevents an intruder from gaining control over the entire machine. jail/chroot These utilities limit the view of the filesystem from a program. A program that runs under a chroot environment can only its own subdirectory, but no other parts of the filesystem. virtual machine The technique used by Java is to create an entirely separate "virtual" machine. A Java program has absolutely no access to the real machine except in a few places. A more extensive version of this is software like VMware or SoftPC that creates an entire virtual computer. Using VMware, you can boot a Linux or Windows virtual machine under the real machines. If an intruder compromises the virtual machine, he/she still cannot access the real machine. From Hacking-Lexicon
an alarm clock, which is designed as a sand-glass Sanduhr is an alarm clock for the X Window System which uses (and requires) the GNOME desktop environment. It has an extensive manual and a complete CORBA interface. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Scanner graphical front-ends This package includes scanner graphical front-end xscanimage, and xcam, for acquiring images continuously from cameras. An alternative to xscanimage called xsane is packaged separately. The scanner front-ends use SANE. SANE stands for "Scanner Access Now Easy" and is an application programming interface (API) that provides standardized access to any raster image scanner hardware (flatbed scanner, hand-held scanner, video- and still-cameras, frame-grabbers, etc.). The SANE standard is free and its discussion and development is open to everybody. The current source code is written for UNIX (including Linux) and is available under the GNU public license (commercial application and backends are welcome, too, however). From Debian 3.0r0 APT
SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy) is a sane and simple interface to both local and networked scanners and other image acquisition devices like digital still and video cameras. SANE currently includes modules for accessing a range of scanners, including models from Agfa SnapScan, Apple,Artec, Canon, CoolScan, Epson, HP, Microtek, Mustek, Nikon, Siemens, Tamarack, UMAX, Connectix, QuickCams and other SANE devices via network. For the latest information on SANE, the SANE standard definition, and mailing list access, see http://www.mostang.com/sane/ This package does not enable network scanning by default; if you wish to enable it, install the saned package and set up the sane-net backend. This package contains the backends for different scanners. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM
find SCSI and USB scanners and their device files From whatis
SANE network daemon From whatis
The Anomy Mail Sanitizer - an email virus scanner The Anomy sanitizer is what most people would call "an email virus scanner". That description is not totally accurate, but it does cover one of the more important jobs that the sanitizer can do for you - it can scan email attachments for viruses. Other things it can do: Disable potentially dangerous HTML code, such as javascript, within incoming email. Protect you from email-based break-in attempts which exploit bugs in common email programs (Outlook, Eudora, Pine, ...). Block or "mangle" attachments based on their file names. This way if you don't *need* to receive e.g. visual basic scripts, then you don't have to worry about the security risk they imply (the ILOVEYOU virus was a visual basic program). This lets you protect yourself and your users from whole classes of attacks, without relying on complex, resource intensive and outdated virus scanning solutions. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
A utility for displaying and processing astronomical images. SAOimage (pronounced S-A-0-image) is a utility for displaying astronomical images wich runs under the X11 window environment. Image files can be read directly, or image data may be passed through a named pipe (Unix) or a mailbox (VMS) from IRAF display tasks. SAOimage provides a large selection of options for zooming, panning, scaling, coloring, pixel readback, display blinking, and region specification. User interactions are generally performed with the mouse. Capability of reading IRAF 2.11 .imh files added. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
A minimal but configurable X11R6 window manager Sapphire is a window manager for X11R6. It is fairly minimal in what it provides on screen: one toolbar, the usual window borders and a popup menu from the root window. It supports themes as X resource files, and the menu is editable. If you install the 'menu' package, you'll get an automatically-updated 'Debian' submenu of installed programs. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
An interpreter for AGI resources Sarien decodes and plays games written for the Sierra On-Line Adventure Game Interpreter (AGI) system, such as Leisure Suit Larry in the Land of the Lounge Lizards, Space Quest I and II, and King's Quest I to IV. Currently AGI versions 2 and 3 are recognized; support for older AGI v1 games is not available. You need the files from the original games. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Sash is a simple, standalone, statically linked shell which includes simplified versions of built-in commands like ls, dd and gzip. Sash is statically linked so that it can work without shared libraries, so it is particularly useful for recovering from certain types of system failures. Sash can also be used to safely upgrade to new versions of shared libraries. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM
Stand-alone shell. sash serves as an interactive substitute for /bin/sh, for use when /bin/sh is unusable. It's statically linked, and inludes many standard utilities as builtins (type "help" at the prompt for a reference list). If you've installed sash before rendering your system unbootable, and you have some knowledge of how your system is supposed to work, you might be able to repair your system using init=/bin/sash at the boot prompt. Some people also prefer to have sash available as the shell for a root account (perhaps an under an alternate name such as sashroot) Configuration support is included for people who want this. Note: sash is not intended to serve as /bin/sh, and has few of the interactive features present in bash or ksh. It's designed to be simple and robust, for people who need to do emergency repair work on a system. Also note: sash doesn't include a built-in fsck -- fsck is too big and complicated. If you need fsck, you'll have to get at least one partition or disk working well enough to run fsck. More generally, sash is but one tool of many (backups, backup recovery tools, emergency boot disks or partitions, spare parts, testing of disaster plans, etc.) to help you recover a damaged system. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Programs for manipulating the SASL users database This is the Cyrus SASL API implementation. It can be used on the client or server side to provide authentication. See RFC 2222 for more information. This package contains common binary files for plugin modules. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Programs for manupulating the SASL users database This is the Cyrus SASL API implentation, version 2. See package libsasl2 and RFC 2222 for more information. This package contains common binary files for plugin modules. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
SMTP defence software against spam SAUCE (Software Against Unsolicited Commercial Email) sits between the Internet and your existing Mail Transfer Agent (e.g. Exim). It does a number of checks on incoming mail, including being able to blacklist senders and their sites automatically when they mail special `spam bait' addresses. This is an ALPHA version and should be used by experts only. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
The University of Cincinnati's free VHDL 93 Analyzer This is the analyzer and intermediate representation for a free VHDL simulation system from the University of Cincinnati's Experimental Computation Laboratory. "scram", SAVANT's analyzer, converts VHDL into the AIRE intermediate standard form. AIRE is designed to be extensible by the user so that they can easily insert their own back ends. SAVANT includes a VHDLpublishing back end and a C++ publishing back end. The generated C++ can be compiled and linked against the TyVis library to allow end to end sequential or parallel simulation of VHDL. This version of the Debian package supports only sequential simulation - future releases should support parallel simulation as well. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Saves the current GNOME session (or terminates it) From whatis
save a log file From whatis
A highly configurable window manager for X11. Sawfish is an extensible window manager using an Emacs Lisp-like scripting language--all window decorations are configurable, the basic idea is to have as much user-interface policy as possible controlled through the Lisp language. This is no layer on top of twm, but a wholly new architecture. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
A highly configurable window manager for X11 and Gnome. Sawfish is an extensible window manager using an Emacs Lisp-like scripting language--all window decorations are configurable, the basic idea is to have as much user-interface policy as possible controlled through the Lisp language. This is no layer on top of twm, but a wholly new architecture. This package contains the capplets to configure Sawfish in the Gnome control center, and the Gnome support. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Catalog support and wrapper the Saxon XSLT Processor This package provides a simple front-end to Saxon for processing XML source files with XSL stylesheets. Catalog support is provided by an extension class to Norm Walsh's Arbortext Catalog Classes. A wrapper script for general saxon usage is also included. This package works well for processing DocBook XML sources. Author: Jirka Kosek <jirka@kosek.cz> Homepage: http://www.kosek.cz/xml/saxon/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT
speaks the current date through your sound card Says the current date and uptime through your sound card. Requires you have a sound output device available. Also includes au2raw, a sox wrapper which converts a .au file to a .raw file. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
speaks the current time through your sound card Say the current time through your sound card. Requires you have a sound output device available. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Steel Bank Common Lisp, a fork from CMUCL SBCL is a Common Lisp compiler with a transparent build process, that aims for correctness and ANSI compliance. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Smart Boot Manager (SBM) is a full-featured boot manager. Smart Boot Manager (SBM) is an OS independent and full-featured boot manager with an easy-to-use user interface. The main goals of SBM are to be absolutely OS independent, flexible and full-featured. It has all of the features needed to boot a variety of OSes from several kinds of media, while keeping its size no more than 30K bytes. In another words, SBM does NOT touch any of your partitions, it totally fits into the first track (the hidden track) of your hard disk! It's capabilities: * Automatically searches drivers and partitions * Powerful Boot Schedule * Booting from CD-ROM * Swapping driver ID * Auto Delay Boot * Sending keystrokes to the operating system * Easy Customized Theme file * Password protection * Y2k bug work-around for old BIOSes From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Tool for building Debian binary packages from Debian sources sbuild builds binary packages from source. It can do its work in chroots so both stable and unstable environments can be used on the same machine. It's also useful for figuring out a package's build dependencies. sbuild is part of the wanna-build build system used by most architectures to build packages for Debian. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Text-based spreadsheet with VI-like keybindings "Spreadsheet Calculator" is a much modified version of the public- domain spread sheet sc, which was posted to Usenet several years ago by Mark Weiser as vc, originally by James Gosling. It is based on rectangular table much like a financial spreadsheet. Its keybindings are familiar to users of 'vi', and it has most features that a pure spreadsheet would, but lacks things like graphing and saving in foreign formats. It's very stable and quite easy to use once you've put a little effort into learning it. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
scalable Cyrillic fonts This package includes Cyrillic Type1 fonts for the following font families: Times, Helvetica, Courier, Avant Garde, Palatino, New Century Schoolbook, Bookman Light and Teams. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
scalable Cyrillic fonts for TeX This package makes the fonts from the package scalable-cyrfonts available to TeX. It installs all needed TeX font metric files, virtual fonts, font definitions and some style packages. Please read the file /usr/share/doc/scalable-cyrfonts-tex/README.Debian. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
scalable Cyrillic fonts for X This package makes the fonts from the package scalable-cyrfonts available to the X server or font server. For proper reencoding it needs capable X server or font server. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Scalable Linear Algebra Package ScaLAPACK is the parallel version of LAPACK. It depends on PVM or MPI. This package provides the tester applications. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Scalable Linear Algebra Package ScaLAPACK is the parallel version of LAPACK. It depends on PVM or MPI. This package provides the tester applications. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Scalable Linear Algebra Package ScaLAPACK is the parallel version of LAPACK. It depends on PVM or MPI. This package provides the tester applications. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Test data for ScaLAPACK testers. The ScaLAPACK tester in scalapack-lam-test or scalapack-mpich-test need some data provided by this package. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Scalable Linear Algebra Package ScaLAPACK is the parallel version of LAPACK. It depends on PVM or MPI. This package provides the shared libraries, it depends on the LAM implementation of MPI. Also included: PBLAS, Parallel Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Scalable Linear Algebra Package ScaLAPACK is the parallel version of LAPACK. It depends on PVM or MPI. This package provides the shared libraries, it depends on the MPICH implementation of MPI. Also included: PBLAS, Parallel Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Scalable Linear Algebra Package ScaLAPACK is the parallel version of LAPACK. It depends on PVM or MPI. This package provides the shared libraries needed to run applications. Also included: PBLAS, Parallel Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
This word is overused to the point that it is frequently confusing what people are talking about. The problem is that a scanner can be either active or passive. Example: There are variations of virus scanners: background scanner Scans for viruses continuously in the background. on-access scanner Scans a file for viruses whenever it is accessed. on-demand scanner Scans the hard disk looking for viruses whenever told to by the user. From Hacking-Lexicon
Portscan detector for Linux. Scandetd is a portscan detector. By default, it logs incoming TCP connections to the host. If a second connection happens within 1 second, it too is logged to syslog. If scandetd recognizes this pattern as a portscan and sends mail to (by default) root@localhost. Scandetd will also attempt to recognize OS fingerprinting probes. It will attempt to determine the tool being used, at this point Queso or NMAP. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Generate summaries from Apache error logs This program allows people to parse Apache error_log files from multiple sources and present a summary of the frequency of error messages in one of a variety of different formats (text, html, xml, pdf). From Debian 3.0r0 APT
scan an image From whatis
A portscan detecting tool Scanlogd is a daemon written by Solar Designer to detect portscan attacks on your machine. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Mail scanner for Postfix This program is invoked from the .forward file of a user and scans the incoming mails for .vbs .exe .com .bat, and similar attachments. If a message is clean, it is inserted into the users qmail-style Maildir or it is spooled to the users mbox. Otherwise, it is bounced. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
scan/probe PCI buses From whatis
A CSV-based image sorter and verifier ScanSort allows one to sort and verify images based upon information contained in comma-separated-value (CSV) files. It is designed for use by those who collect series of scans from Usenet, the WWW, etc for which a CSV file containing the image names, sizes, CRCs, etc is available. In addition to its image-sorting capabilities, ScanSort can also help manage CSV collections, create lists of images for trading, etc. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
get SSH server versions for an entire network The scanssh protocol scanner scans a list of addresses and networks for running SSH protocol servers and their version numbers. The scanssh protocol scanner supports random selection of IP addresses from large network ranges and is useful for gathering statistics on the deployment of SSH protocol servers in a company or the Internet as whole. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
scan TV channels for stations This utility can scan a channel set for TV stations and write the ones found into a xawtv config file (which is also read by some other utilities like fbtv). It also tries to extract the station names from vbi data. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Chess database Shane's Chess Information Database is a chess database application with a graphical user interface. With it you can browse databases of chess games, edit games and search for games by various criteria. Scid uses its own compact and fast database format, but can convert to and from PGN. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Scientific graphics and data manipulation (Gtk version) SciGraphica is a scientific application for data analysis and technical graphics. It pretends to be a clone of the popular commercial (and expensive) application "Microcal Origin". It fully supplies plotting features for 2D charts. This package is non-Gnome version. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Scientific graphics and data manipulation (shared files) SciGraphica is a scientific application for data analysis and technical graphics. It pretends to be a clone of the popular commercial (and expensive) application "Microcal Origin". It fully supplies plotting features for 2D charts. This package contains shared files, like pixmaps and examples. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Scientific graphics and data manipulation (Gnome version) SciGraphica is a scientific application for data analysis and technical graphics. It pretends to be a clone of the popular commercial (and expensive) application "Microcal Origin". It fully supplies plotting features for 2D charts. This package is Gnome version. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
widget for scientific plotting The SciPlot Widget is a widget capable of plotting cartesian or polar graphs, including logarithmic axes in cartesian plots. The widget is subclassed directly from the Core widget class, which means that it does not depend upon any other widget set. It may be freely used with Athena, Motif, or the Open Look/Xview widget sets. (There is optional Motif support that causes the widget to be subclassed from XmPrimitive. See the man page.) Features provided in the widget include automatic scaling, legend drawing, axis labeling, PostScript output, multiple plotted lines, color support, user font specification, dashed lines, symbols drawn at points, logarithmic scales on one or both axes in cartesian plots, and degrees or radians as angles in polar plots. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Lightweight GTK-based Programming Editor GTK-based Programming with with syntax highlighting support for many languages. Also supports folding sections, exporting highlighted text into colored HTML and RTF. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
a collection of SNMP command line management tools The scli package was written in order to have small and efficient command line utility to monitor and configure network devices and host systems. The scli package is based on the SNMP management protocol and it utilizes a MIB compiler called smidump to generate C stub code. In fact, virtually no SNMP knowledge is required in order to extend the scli programs with new features. In other words, the slogan for this little package is: "After more than 10 years of SNMP, I felt it is time for really useful command line SNMP monitoring and configuration tools. ;-)" (description taken from upstream sources) scli replaces the stools package From Debian 3.0r0 APT
A gtk-based MUD-client. Sclient is a graphical MUD-client for X that tries to be small, fast, and to use as little CPU as possible. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Exchange data with Siemens mobile phones SCMxx is a console program that allows you to exchange certain types of data with mobile phones made by Siemens. Some of the data types that can be exchanged are logos, ring tones, vCalendars, phonebook entries, and SMS messages. It works with the S25, S35i, M35i and C35i, SL45, S45 and ME45 and probably others. You need a serial connection (either cable or infrared) to your mobile phone in order to use SCMxx. It basically uses the AT command set published by Siemens (with some other, additional resources). See the website http://www.hendrik-sattler.de/scmxx for details. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
A replacement for Make Scons is able to build files from other files, based on the dependency DAG. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Interpreter for Adventure International games ScottFree reads and executes TRS-80 format Scott Adams data files. It is possible to run other formats either by writing a loader for that format or a converter to TRS-80 format. Most Adventure International Games are distributed as shareware and are available from ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/scott-adams/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT
The Scotty and Tkined Network Management Tools. Scotty is a set of Tcl extensions to retrieve status information about TCP/IP networks. The extensions include commands to send icmp packets a la ping, to lookup hostnames, to query the portmapper and mount daemons. Also included are generic tcp/udp extensions as well as commands to query the domain name service for a, ptr, hinfo, mx and soa records and commands to query ntp server. log messages can be written by using the syslog command. The perhaps most interesting extension is an interface to the SNMPv1, SNMPv2C and SNMPv3 protocols. Tkined is a small but nice network management station. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
secure copy (remote file copy program) From whatis
n. [Unix] A terminal line which spews an infinite number of random characters at the operating system. This can happen if the terminal is either disconnected or connected to a powered-off terminal but still enabled for login; misconfiguration, misimplementation, or simple bad luck can start such a terminal screaming. A screaming tty or two can seriously degrade the performance of a vanilla Unix system; the arriving "characters" are treated as userid/password pairs and tested as such. The Unix password encryption algorithm is designed to be computationally intensive in order to foil brute-force crack attacks, so although none of the logins succeeds; the overhead of rejecting them all can be substantial. From Jargon Dictionary
A GNOME website development environment SCREEM is a tag-based Web page editor which aims not only to aid in creating Web pages, but also to provide useful site maintenance facilities, including automatic link updating and site upload facilities. SCREEM has more than just the usual HTML tags, with features for including Javascript, PHP, cascading style sheets, etc within your site. It is written for use with the GNOME (http://www.gnome.org) desktop environment From Debian 3.0r0 APT
A terminal multiplexor with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation. screen is a terminal multiplexor that runs several separate "screens" on a single physical character-based terminal. Each virtual terminal emulates a DEC VT100 plus several ANSI X3.64 and ISO 2022 functions. Screen sessions can be detached and resumed later on a different terminal. Screen also supports a whole slew of other features. Some of these are: configurable input and output translation, serial port support, configurable logging, multi-user support, and utf8 charset support. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
The screen utility allows you to have multiple logins on just one terminal. Screen is useful for users who telnet into a machine or are connected via a dumb terminal, but want to use more than just one login. Install the screen package if you need a screen manager that can support multiple logins on one terminal. From Redhat 8.0 RPM
n. [Atari ST demoscene] One demoeffect or one screenful of them. Probably comes from old Sierra-style adventures or shoot-em-ups where one travels from one place to another one screenful at a time. From Jargon Dictionary
screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation From whatis
n. A handle sense 1. This term has been common among users of IRC, MUDs, and commercial on-line services since the mid-1990s. Hackers recognize the term but don't generally use it. From Jargon Dictionary
Document Production System Scribe is a programming language designed for the production of electronic documents. With Scribe one can: - Produce HTML web pages. - Produce PS files. - Produce Info files (documentation files suitable for Emacs). - Produce man pages (Unix documentation format). One may also: - Translate Texinfo files into HTML. - Upload Scribe page on an Apache server and dynamically expanse it into HTML when loaded by client. (This feature is not built for the current Debian version.) Scribe is implemented in Bigloo Scheme. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
a free software desktop publishing program Scribus is a free software layout program for GNU/Linux similar to a couple of proprietary programs from Adobe and Quark. Unlike other programs Scribus uses only Type1 fonts of the X-Server. Therefore there is no fiddling around with installing extra fonts. For this reason the number of fonts is a little bit limited, but you can be sure that your monitor shows exactly the same as the printed output is. Documentation for this package is available in either French, German or English. Please choose your appropriate scribus-doc-XX documentation package. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
German documentation for Scribus Scribus is a free software layout program for GNU/Linux similar to a couple of proprietary programs from Adobe and Quark. These are the documentation files in German. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
English documentation for Scribus Scribus is a free software layout program for GNU/Linux similar to a couple of proprietary programs from Adobe and Quark. These are the documentation files in English. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
French documentation for Scribus Scribus is a free software layout program for GNU/Linux similar to a couple of proprietary programs from Adobe and Quark. These are the documentation files in French. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
make typescript of terminal session From whatis
Programs written to take advantage of a particular exploit. Key point: Elite hackers write scripts, script-kiddies run scripts. Misunderstanding: A lot of "scripts" are written in scripting languages like PERL, but a lot are distributed in C/C++ source form as well. Contrast: 0-day exploit. From Hacking-Lexicon
A free electronic cataloging system for documentation. It stores metadata specified by the http://www.ibiblio.org/osrt/omf/ (Open Source Metadata Framework) as well as certain metadata extracted directly from documents (such as the table of contents). It provides various functionality pertaining to this metadata to help browsers, such as sorting the registered documents or searching the metadata for documents which satisfy a set of criteria. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
ScrollKeeper is a cataloging system for documentation. It manages documentation metadata (as specified by the Open Source Metadata Framework (OMF)) and provides a simple API to allow help browsers to find, sort, and search the document catalog. It can also communicate with catalog servers on the Net to search for documents which are not on the local system. From Redhat 8.0 RPM
An advanced ircII-based IRC client ScrollZ is advanced IRC client based on ircII code. It adds features normally found in ircII scripts like Toolz, PhoEniX, GargOyle or Lice. The main difference between these scripts and ScrollZ is the code. Where ircII scripts take a lot of disk and memory space and run slow, ScrollZ only takes a couple of extra kilobytes compared to stock ircII client yet runs faster than any ircII script. This was accomplished by using C code instead of ircII scripting language. This reduces memory and CPU usage and code tends to run way faster. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
command line screen capture utility scrot (SCReen shOT) is a simple commandline screen capture utility that uses imlib2 to grab and save images. Multiple image formats are supported through imlib2's dynamic saver modules. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
A `scheme' interpreter designed for writing system programs. Scsh has a high-level process notation for doing shell-script like tasks: running programs, establishing pipelines and I/O redirection. Scsh embeds this process notation within a full Scheme implementation. The process notation is realized as a set of macro definitions, and is carefully designed to allow full integration with standard Scheme code. Scsh isn't Scheme-like; it is Scheme. At the scripting level, scsh also has an Awk design, also implemented as a macro that can be embedded inside general Scheme code. Scsh additionally provides the low-level access to the operating system normally associated with C. The current release provides full access to POSIX, plus important non-POSIX extensions, such as complete sockets support. "Complete POSIX" means: fork, exec & wait, sockets, full read, write, open & close, seek & tell, complete file-system access, including stat, chmod/chgrp/chown, symlink, FIFO & directory access, tty & pty support, file locking, pipes, select, file-name pattern-matching, time & date, environment variables, signal handlers, and more. Please be aware that several of the other scheme implementations being distributed as Debian GNU/Linux packages also provide much of the similar system programming functionality. It is wisest to try them all and explore. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Add or remove SCSI devices by rescanning the bus. scsiadd allows you to add or remove SCSI devices without having to restart the computer. This is *NOT* a substitute for powering down to connect or disconnect hardware unless it's specifically designed to be hot swappable. Use it to enable the external SCSI drive you only use occasionally so is powered off when the machine first boots, or to rescan the bus after moving hot-swap drives around. scsiadd will also try to prevent you from doing anything to disrupt drive names that are in use. Similar functionality is available by echoing text to /proc/scsi/scsi From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Collection of tools for SCSI hardware management This package is a collection of tools for manipulating SCSI hardware: scsiinfo: displays SCSI drive low-level information and modifies SCSI drive settings, scsidev: makes permanent SCSI LUN -> devicename connections, scsifmt: low-level SCSI formatter, sraw: benchmarks raw SCSI I/O rates bypassing the buffer cache, scsistop: low-level SCSI drive start/stop program, scsi-spin: program to manually spin up and down a SCSI device. Be aware that these tools require some knowledge of what are they doing to be used properly, not causing damage to your system. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Small Device C Compiler SDCC is a C compiler for the Intel MCS51 family, AVR and Z80 microcontrollers. The package includes the compiler, assemblers and linkers, and a core library. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Micro-controller simulator for SDCC uCsim is a microcontroller simulator. It is extensible to support different microcontroller families. Currently it supports Intel MCS51 family. Atmel AVR core is working now and Z80 support is under development. This package also include the source debugger for SDCC. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Simple Document Parser SDF (Simple Document Format) is a freely available document development system which generates high quality outputs in a variety of formats from a single source. The output formats supported include PostScript(tm), PDF, HTML, plain text, POD, man pages, LaTeX, MIF, SGML, Windows(tm) help, RTF, MIMS F6 help and MIMS HTX help. If the idea of specifying documents in a logical manner via a simple markup language sounds appealing, SDF may be useful to you. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Emacs-Lisp program to view dictionaries Sdic is an emacs interface to English-Japanese dictionaries and Japanese-English dictionaries. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
GENE95 dictionaries for sdic (installer) This package installs the GENE95 English-Japanese dictionary to use with sdic. Although this package can install a Japanese-English dictionary derived the GENE95 English-Japanese dictionary, I would prefer to use the Japanese-English dictionary installed through sdic-edict. Before installing this package, you have to get gene95.lzh or gene95.tar.gz or gene95.tar.bz2. You can get these files from http://www-nagao.kuee.kyoto-u.ac.jp/member/tsuchiya/sdic/index.html From Debian 3.0r0 APT
find differences between two files and merge interactively From whatis
script to get information about the installed version of SDL From whatis
An Mbone Conference Scheduling and Booking System.(SDR) Sdr is a Session Directory designed for announcing and scheduling multimedia conferences on the Mbone - the multicast backbone of the Internet. Sdr is loosely modelled on sd - LBL's Mbone Session Directory. Sdr extends the sd model in a number of ways, particularly in the degree of detail about the timing and resources required by a conference, and in the provision of a much more flexible interface for querying the existence of sessions or of any sessions that may potentially clash with a new session. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
A Gnome front end for GnuPG Seahorse is a Gnome front end for GnuPG - the Gnu Privacy Guard program. It is a tool for secure communications and data storage. Data encryption and digital signature creation can easily be performed through a GUI and Key Management operations can easily be carried out through an intuitive interface. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
A list of directories in which a given user's commands may be found. Each time the user enters a command at the keyboard, the shell searches the list to find the command. You can execute only those commands that belong to the directories in your search path. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
Fly aircraft to Search (for) and Rescue people in distress. Tired of scores indicating things destroyed or lives snuffed? Try something different -- fly a helicopter around and rescue people in distress. If you were in trouble wouldn't you want someone to rescue you? This game is intended for players of all audiences, but especially for mature players who want to get away from the violence and still retain a level of precise challenge. Flight difficulty can be lowered for beginners (regardless of mission type), and graphics minimized to suit slower computers (minimum Pentium 166 with no graphics acceleration). This package has been configured to depend on libjsw for joystick support and libY2 for sound support. However, neither a joystick nor sound support is necessary to enjoy the game. http://wolfpack.twu.net/SearchAndRescue/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT
search Debian & Usenet archives & Packages files searchgoo searches Google's Usenet archives; similar in function to dejasearch. searchdeb & searchgeo search the Debian & Geocrawler mailing list archives. Geocrawler archives Debian mailing lists and many others. The advantage these have over the web page forms is they download message bodies unattended. ppack parses the Packages, available & status files to show orphans, packages that need updating, those that belong to a chosen maintainer, anomalies in package status, popcon results and more. Useful for keeping track of chroot status. diffdirs shows the files that are different in two directories, tarballs, zip files, debs or any combination of two of these. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
A nonvolatile storage medium such as a disk drive that stores program instructions and data even after you switch off the power. Synonymous with auxiliary storage. See primary storage. From QUECID
A Tcl/Tk GUI for SSH and SCP. SecPanel serves as a graphical user interface for managing and running SSH (Secure Shell) and SCP (Secure Copy) connections. SecPanel is not a new implementation of the Secure Shell protocol or the ssh software-suite. SecPanel sits on top of SSH software-suites and supports the commercial SSH and the OpenBSD's free SSH implementation. You may get information about these programs at http://www.ssh.com and at http://www.openssh.com respectively. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
PAM security policy configuration tool This tool allows you to manipulate the PAM configuration files for each "service" you have created to use PAM. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Views and sets PAM security policies. From whatis
(alt. `security by obscurity') A term applied by hackers to most OS vendors' favorite way of coping with security holes -- namely, ignoring them, documenting neither any known holes nor the underlying security algorithms, trusting that nobody will find out about them and that people who do find out about them won't exploit them. This "strategy" never works for long and occasionally sets the world up for debacles like the RTM worm of 1988 (see Great Worm), but once the brief moments of panic created by such events subside most vendors are all too willing to turn over and go back to sleep. After all, actually fixing the bugs would siphon off the resources needed to implement the next user-interface frill on marketing's wish list -- and besides, if they started fixing security bugs customers might begin to expect it and imagine that their warranties of merchantability gave them some sort of right to a system with fewer holes in it than a shotgunned Swiss cheese, and then where would we be? Historical note: There are conflicting stories about the origin of this term. It has been claimed that it was first used in the Usenet newsgroup in comp.sys.apollo during a campaign to get HP/Apollo to fix security problems in its Unix-clone Aegis/DomainOS (they didn't change a thing). ITS fans, on the other hand, say it was coined years earlier in opposition to the incredibly paranoid Multics people down the hall, for whom security was everything. In the ITS culture it referred to (1) the fact that by the time a tourist figured out how to make trouble he'd generally gotten over the urge to make it, because he felt part of the community; and (2) (self-mockingly) the poor coverage of the documentation and obscurity of many commands. One instance of deliberate security through obscurity is recorded; the command to allow patching the running ITS system (escape escape control-R) echoed as $$^D. If you actually typed alt alt ^D, that set a flag that would prevent patching the system even if you later got it right. From Jargon Dictionary
Secure Virtual Private Network (secvpn) builds a VPN based on ssh and ppp as described in the Linux VPN HOWTO. (Please look there for further informations) All necessary routing on the secvpn hosts will be done by secvpn. Secvpn will try to reestablish broken connections automatically. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Sed (Stream EDitor) is a stream or batch (non-interactive) editor. Sed takes text as input, performs an operation or set of operations onthe text, and outputs the modified text. The operations that sed performs (substitutions, deletions, insertions, etc.) can be specified in a script file or from the command line. From Redhat 8.0 RPM
The GNU sed stream editor. sed reads the specified files or the standard input if no files are specified, makes editing changes according to a list of commands, and writes the results to the standard output. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
execute programs via entries in the mailcap file From whatis
In a secondary storage device, the time that it takes the read/write heads reach the correct location on the disk. See access time. From QUECID
a satellite location program Seesat5 uses the NORAD sgp4 algorithm to compute the location of a satellite. Many different filtering methods are provided by Seesat5 so that only those satellites that might actually be viewed are presented in the report. This report includes bearing and elevation with respect to the observer's location as well as other information of interest to the observer. Although an observer would find no use for it, the program can be made to report the location even when it is below the horizon. For radio satellites like the Oscar series knowing when it comes above the horizon is some of the interesting information this program can provide. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
An error in which a running program attempts to access memory not allocated to it and core dumps with a segmentation violation error. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
n. [Unix] 1. [techspeak] An error in which a running program attempts to access memory not allocated to it and core dumps with a segmentation violation error. This is often caused by improper usage of pointers in the source code, dereferencing a null pointer, or (in C) inadvertently using a non-pointer variable as a pointer. The classic example is: int i; scanf ("%d", i); /* should have used &i */ 2. To lose a train of thought or a line of reasoning. Also uttered as an exclamation at the point of befuddlement. From Jargon Dictionary
Fullscreen file-selection and execution tool sel displays a listing of files like a file-manager. You can move around using the arrow-keys and run a command given on the command-line on the selected file with the <RETURN> - key. If you've installed the terminfo- library delivered with ncurses, sel will use colors. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Insert X-Face mail header with viewing and selecting a bitmap. Insert X-Face Mail/News header with viewing and selecting a bitmap. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Select a window manager at X startup selectwm is a simple but robust program that will let you pick a window manager (or other executable) to run at X startup, and optionally after a window manager exits. It uses the GTK+ toolkit, and includes options like a timer to start the default window manager, and modification of the window manager list from within selectwm. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Policy config files and management for NSE Security Enhanced Linux /etc/selinux contains the policy files, checkpolicy will check the policy. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
A lexer, parser-generator, and parser written in elisp The Semantic Bovinator's goal is to provide an intermediate API for authors of language agnostic tools who want to deal with languages in a generic way. It also provides a simple way for Mode Authors, who are experts in their language, to provide a parser for those tool authors, without knowing anything about those tools. The Semantic Bovinator is made up of these important pieces: - lexer: Converts a language into a token stream - parser: Converts a token stream into a stream of nonterminals defined by the language. - parser-generator: Converts a language definition into a table usable by the parser. (Written using the Semantic Bovinator) - Language Definitions: Parsers already existing for the parser generator language (Bovine Normal Form), Emacs Lisp, and C. - speedbar browser: Code for browsing a generated nonterminal list with Speedbar. - Documentation generator: Identifies inline documentation in source code, and can convert it to texinfo. It can also create inline documentation. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Library to provide MIME feature for GNU Emacs. SEMI is a library to provide MIME feature for GNU Emacs. MIME is a proposed internet standard for including content and headers other than (ASCII) plain text in messages. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Simple Asynchronous File Transfer Sendfile is an asynchronous file transfer service for the Internet, like the sendfile facility in Bitnet: Any user A can send files to another user B without B being active in any way. The existing standard file transfer (ftp) is a synchronous service: The user must have access to an account on the sending and on the receiving site, too. Sendfile for Unix, which is an implementation of the SAFT protocol (Simple Asynchronous File Transfer) now offers you a true asynchronous file transfer service for the Internet. Virtually any form of file can be sent, including encrypted ones. The SAFT protocol will be submitted as an RFC in the near future. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
A commandline tool to allow sending arbitrary IP packets. SendIP has a large number of command line options to specify the content of every header of a RIP, TCP, UDP, ICMP or raw IPv4 and IPv6 packet. It also allows any data to be added to the packet. Checksums can be calculated automatically, but if you wish to send out wrong checksums, that is supported too. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
A powerful, efficient, and scalable Mail Transport Agent. Sendmail is an alternative Mail Transport Agent (MTA) for Debian. It is suitable for handling sophisticated mail configurations, although this means that its configuration can also be complex. Fortunately, easy thing can be done easily, and complex things are possible, even if not easily understood ;) Sendmail is the *ONLY* MTA with a Turing complete language under the covers ! Sendmail provides Security and SPAM/UCE/UBE protection via several means: - STARTTLS(SSL) RFC2487 encryption for mail reception/delivery. - STARTTLS(SSL) authentication (certificate based) for access/relay control. - SMTP AUTH (SASL/PAM) authentication for access/relay control. - ACCESS database (by IP/host) for access/relay control. - Use of varied Realtime Blackhole Lists (RBL) to prevent access. - Integration of LOGCHECK rules to fine-tune logging. - Inboard POSIX Regular Expression processing of *all* headers. - Ability (via MILTER) to scan/change headers *and* body of *ALL* mail A site may utilize zero, one, or more MILTERs. - Reduced SUID exposures by running SGID smmsp/mail where possible. Sendmail provides Performance and Scalability by: - Allowing multiple queues, with the ability to tune both interval and queue runners on a queue by queue basis. - Providing (a Debian exclusive) an easy to configure means of queue-aging to improve throughput by not continually retrying failed deliveries. - Allowing most all maps/databases to be obtained via LDAP; reducing the number of used databases and simplifying the maintenance of Sendmail. - Reducing the file I/O where possible by buffering files in memory. Sendmail provides site enhanced site configuration/customization by: - Allowing the listener (usually port 25) to run as a daemon or via INETD. - Allowing the queue runner (mail delivery) to run as a daemon or via CRON. - Automagically updating configuration and databases on upgrades. - Providing a Turing complete language for site customization of mail handling. - Providing a means (MILTER) for a site to scan/change all email - both incoming and outgoing. A site can write their own MILTER, or may use any of those found on internet. To write your own MILTER, you'll need to install the optional milter-dev package. - Providing extensive documentation via the sendmail-doc (optional) package. - Providing an inboard Mail Delivery Agent (MDA) (mail.local), but supporting procmail, mailagent, maildrop, or deliver automatically if installed. Sendmail will also deliver to anythings else (cyrus, etc) if asked to. Sendmail includes *no* Mail User Agents (MUA), you'll have to pick from the plethora of available MUAs (pine, mutt, vm, etc.) This package supports REGEX, DB, NIS, NIS+, LDAP, DNS, HESIOD maps, and has enabled TCPWrappers, IPv6, LockFile, SMTP AUTH(SASL), STARTTLS(SSL). From Debian 3.0r0 APT
Sendmail is a popular e-mail server package. By most estimates, well over half of all e-mail flowing through the Internet goes through a Sendmail system. Sendmail is open-source software. Key point: Sendmail is an MTA (Message Transfer Agent). This means that Sendmail only transfers e-mail to other MTAs. Client programs (like Outlook, Eudora, Pine) will use SMTP to hand e-mail to Sendmail for transmission over the Internet, but they can't use SMTP to read e-mail. Instead, when Sendmail receives e-mail destined for the local machine, it must hand it off to some other software package. In the most common situation, Sendmail will save incoming messages in mbox format to /var/spool/mail for each user, and other programs will allow users to retrieve e-mail from those files. History: In 1989, Morris Worm exploited Sendmail bugs as